The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Danish textual news satire constructs its social critique the many Facebook users whose comments during COVID-19 imitate expert statements in disregard authoritative health science statements. Since outbreak COVID-19, UNESCO has proclaimed a disinfodemic emotive narrative and pseudo-science on internet especially media. As with ruling Party’s para...

I argue that culpable ignorance can be irreducibly collective. In some cases, it is not fair to expect any individual have avoided her of fact, but the agents together their fact. Hence, no agent individually for ignorance, they are together. This provides us with good reason think group culpably ignorant in this collective sense non-distributively collectively responsible subsequent unwitting ...

In formal systems that reason about knowledge, inferring that an agent actually does not know a particular fact can be problematic. Collins [l] has shown that there are many different modes of reasoning that a subject can use to show that he is ignorant of something; some of these, for example, involve the subject reasoning about the limitations of his own information-gathering and memory abili...