in his mushkilat al-hadith, yahya muhammad denies knowledge and innocence of shiite imams through presenting such proofs as the way companions of later shiite imams dealt with the issue of imama, formation of various shi‘a sects, perplexity and dispute of shiites as to imama of the next imam in every era, not presenting al-kafi to four vicegerents of the twelfth imam, and lack of belief in the ...

In this article, I study how Imāmī imams ʿAlī al-Hādī (d. 868 CE) and al-Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī 874 attempted to police boundaries. While their excommunications have hitherto been treated through the lens of doctrinal discipline, argue that we should not situate doctrine within practice. Religious leaders like Imams used politics boundaries in order meet challenges authority. By studying acts excommu...

Government in Islam has long historical roots, starting from the reign of Prophet, companions, tabi'in, to Imams. The purpose this paper is describe main discussion research on concept state according Imam Ayatullah Khomeini and analysis Islamic political philosophy thoughts Ayatollah Khomeini. This a literature study, with qualitative methods, as knife analysis. finding study that Khomeini's v...

Abstract Many Canadian Muslim couples are hesitant to resort civil legal processes and attempt resolve their disputes within the religious community. Islamic law’s exclusion of non-Muslim judges from holding judicial authority in certain family law matters limits feasibility aligning commands with court orders. By extrapolating contemporary opinions ( fatāwā , sing. fatwā ) issued by institutio...

belief in the lofty positions and excellences of the shi’īte imams (a.s.) and having faith in their miraculous acts and dominion over the world affairs underlies the authentic doctrine of unconditional guardianship (wilāya al-takwīnī). when the imams’ devotees try to maintain a demigod status for the imams in line with this – possibly loving and devotional – belief beyond the conventional limit...

Dissolved oxygen is an important water quality indicator that affects the health of aquatic products in aquaculture, and its monitoring prediction are great significance. To improve accuracy dissolved series, a hybrid model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) deep belief network (DBN) optimized by improved slime mould algorithm (SMA) proposed this paper. First, VMD used to decompose n...

term to dramatically reduce the high incidence of HPAI in Bangladesh. We have progressively and dramatically increased the scope and benefi ts of our pilot PVC implementation program, but additional work is needed. To help spread PVC approaches throughout the country, community leaders, imams of local mosques, and school teachers can be trained to implement awareness programs on safe practices ...

This article depicts a chaplain's role in various learning and teaching situations, including end-of-life care and cases requiring cultural competency and gender preferences. The cases exemplify and underscore the difference between the role of a chaplain and the imam, as well as the necessity to have imams and both male and female chaplains in the hospital. It also describes the training, educ...