The conductive mechanism plays an important role in our hearing: the first stage of signal processing in the auditory system. While it consists of the ear canal, the crucial portion is the middle ear system, which transforms airborne sound into mechanical vibration and helps improve sound transmission into the fluid-filled inner ear. Hearing loss due to dysfunction of the middle ear system may ...

Measurements of middle ear (ME) acoustic power flow and related measures (e.g., reflectance, absorbance, impedance, resistance, and reactance) have several important advantages over other measures of acoustic impedance, such as the clinical “gold standard” measure, tympanometry. In addition to its wide bandwidth and ease of use, the absorbance curve, on a dB scale, has a shape that is similar t...

The paper considers five fraction-free (FF) tests to determine whether a complex or a real polynomial has all its zeros inside the unit-circle. A FF test for complex polynomial is applicable to both complex and real polynomials where the FF property means that when it is applied to Gaussian or real integer coefficients, it can be completed over the respective ring of integers, i.e., it is Gauss...

A parallel realization based on the voltage-conversion generalized-immittance converter is used for the implementation of adaptive HR filters. Through this approach, the convergence rate of the parallel realization is substantially increased, and becomes comparable or higher than that in the direct-form realization and much higher than that in the lattice realization. The paper deals with the r...

Two new general immittance converter (GIC) JFET configurations for the realization of voltage-controlled impedances (VCI’s) are proposed. Compared with previously reported structures, the circuits exhibit wide dynamic range and low distortion properties that are frequency independent, even for nonresistive VCI’s. We consider the influence of op-amps frequency dependent gain and derive condition...

Impedance is an important parameter used to characterize electronic circuits, components, and the materials make components. (Z) generally defined as total opposition a device or circuit offers flow of alternating current (AC) at given frequency. A fast wide - range balanced theory method designed. In implementation , impedance component based on GIC ( General immittance converter ) system. Whi...

Exact data of an electric circuit (EC) model of RLC (resistor, inductor, capacitor) elements representing rational immittance of LTI (linear, time invariant) systems are numerically Fourier transformed to demonstrate within error bounds applicability of the Hilbert integral tranform (HT) and Kramers-Kronig (KK) integral tranform (KKT) method. Immittance spectroscopy (IS) data are validated for ...