Immune systems protect animals from pathogens, so why not apply a similar model to protect computers? Several researchers have investigated the use of an artificial immune system to protect computers from viruses and others have looked at using such a system to detect unauthorized computer intrusions. This paper describes the use of an artificial immune system for another kind of protection: pr...

high morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection makes it an important disease world-wide. mouse is a very well-studied animal model for this disease with similar manifestation to human disease. it would be desirable to induce mucosal as well as circulating immune responses to obtain protection from infection and to decrease the spread of the virus. cell mediated immunity (proliferativ...

Intravaginal inoculation of mice with an attenuated strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) resulted in vigorous HSV-specific immune responses that protected against subsequent challenge with fully virulent HSV-2 strains. Even in the presence of high titers of HSV-specific Ab, T cell-dependent mechanisms were required for protection of the vaginal mucosae of HSV-immune mice and could be d...

objective(s): soluble leishmania antigens (sla) provide suitable protection against leishmaniasis in murine model when delivered by an appropriate delivery system. liposomes have been shown to be suitable vaccine delivery systems against leishmaniasis, however, the phospholipase-a (pla) activity of sla is a drawback to prepare a stable liposomal sla. one strategy to overcome this problem might ...