I t has long been recognized that preexisting antibody, either endogenously formed, or passively administered near the time of the injection of the corresponding antigen, can affect the subsequent antibody response. An excess or, in some cases, even an equivalent amount of passively administered antibody can partially or completely inhibit the primary response in a previously unchallenged anima...

of control by elimination of checkpoint regulating proteins is a promising novel tool in cancer therapy. Such therapies are designed to restore the patients' own antitumor immune response, specifically the activity of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs), which had been mitigated during the processes of tumor immune evasion. Immune checkpoint blockade can be induced by treatment with appropriate antibodies...

An attractive, yet hitherto unproven concept predicts that the promotion of tumor regression should elicit the host's immune response against residual tumor cells to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect. In a way, chemo- or radiotherapy must trigger "danger signals" emitted from immunogenic cell death and hence elicit "danger associated molecular patterns" to stimulate powerful anticancer immu...

The inspection of the mechanisms through which autophagy modulates immunogenic cell death revealed that the autophagic response of cancer cells to reactive oxygen species-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress suppresses the exposure of calreticulin on the cell surface, the phenotypic maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) as well as their ability to release interleukin-6 and to support the prolif...

Antibody  based  methods  have  numerous  advantages  compared  to  other  detection  methods. However, heavy metals cannot stimulate the immune antibody response; it is the main obstacle for preparation of the antibodies that used in detection methods of the metals. The production of the immunogenic Pb complexes by using cost benefit linkers of EDTA and DTPA were investigated in this  study.BS...

At the present time, efforts of many research groups around world are aimed at finding new factors triggering allergic sensitization process linked with IgE synthesis to harmless allergens. According recent data, production tissue cytokines is induced in cells by alarmins, thus, turn, eliciting pro-allergic immune response. Previously we have shown that β-alanine could be a potential alarmin ca...

Background: Dense granule antigens (GRA antigens) of Toxoplasma gondii induce strong antibody response in humans and are considered as useful diagnostic antigens. Previous studies reported expression of amino terminal GRA8 protein in fusion with large tags such as glutathione-S-transferase. The present study aimed to produce soluble full length immunogenic GRA8 in bacteria. Methods: GRA8 comple...

Objective(s): Brucellosis is a common infectious disease among animals and humans. While subunit vaccines could be used as an efficient strategy against pathogens, they usually seem to be less immunogenic than live or killed vaccines. However, the use of a suitable adjuvant accompanied by subunit vaccines can be a good alternative to enhance the immune response.Materials and Methods: To find a ...