pharmaceuticals are often considered as the most significant cost driver of health care expenditures and at the same time have a major impact on patients’ curative processes and outcomes. other pieces of evidence emphasize that drugs are the input for the production of good health. they are considered as the most important and expensive element in the healthy supply chain and are more associate...

PURPOSE Of the 99% maternal deaths that take place in developing countries, one-fourth is due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). PPH accounts for one-third of all blood transfusions in Bangladesh where the transfusion process is lengthy as most facilities do not have in-house blood bank facilities. In this context, the location where blood is obtained and the processes of obtaining blood products ...

BACKGROUND In England, there are particularly pressing problems concerning access to adequate primary care services. Consequently, innovative ways of delivering primary care have been introduced to facilitate and broaden access. AIMS The aim of this study was to review the evidence of seven recent innovations in service provision to improve access or equity in access to primary care, by perfo...

As America moved from policies of racial exclusion to policies of inclusion in the 1960s, many in American higher education hoped that declines in discrimination would produce greater integration and a convergence in social and economic outcomes between blacks and whites. Though this occurred in some settings, it seemed clear to most observers that progress would be very slow if racial barriers...

Through Sacred Heart Health System (SHHS), Eugene, OR, physicians, payers, and hospitals are designing a network that will integrate care and improve access by reducing healthcare costs. Together, system members design cost-saving incentives and the products the system offers the community. They promote managed care as the most efficient means to coordinate care and reduce costs. All participan...

BACKGROUND Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) are one of the 13 essential commodities addressed by the UN Commission on Life-Saving Commodities for Women and Children. Although ECP have been available for 20 years, a number of barriers still limit women's access ECP in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). The workforce who prescribe or dispense ECP are diverse reflecting the varied contexts...

The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is the search system of choice for Astronomers world-wide. The searchable database contains over 2.6 million searchable records and over two million scanned article pages from about 280,000 articles. The ADS is accessed from almost 130 countries. In order to improve access from different parts of the world, we maintain nine mirror sites of the ADS in Brazil, C...