SIR–Reid et al. reported on the long-term survival of persons with cerebral palsy in the Australian state of Victoria. They found that rates, predictors, and causes of mortality were in line with reports from other countries. They also found that ‘contrary to expectation, no improvement in survival was seen over the 40 years of the study.’ We wish to raise two issues, possibly related, regardin...

While global warming is mostly conceptualized in terms of increases mean temperature, changes the most extreme conditions encountered often have disproportionate impacts. Here, a measure amplification defined as change highest yearly temperature (denoted TXx), representing heat, minus that 80th percentile daily high (Tmax80), which represents typical summer conditions. Based on ERA5 reanalysis,...

in the nineteenth century, with the rise of the literary schoolsin france and giving heed to oriental literacy and mysticalworks, the commentators and translators of ibn sina began towork on his treatises. since they knew ibn sina as anaristotelian philosopher, the following question was raised:why has aristotelian ibn sina given heed to mysticalattitudes? in response to the question whether or...

Background: History of medical ethics shows a great attention toward morality and ethical behavior in practice of Iranian physicians. Traditional medical ethics with its conventional methods of teaching have been included in medical education by Iranian physicians over centuries. However, modern academic methods of medical education have also been introduced in medical schools. We aim to summar...

Adequate knowledge of climatic change over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) with an average elevation of more than 4000 m above sea level (a.s.l.) has been insufficient for a long time owing to the lack of sufficient observational data. In the present study, monthly surface air temperature data were collected from almost every meteorological station on the TP since their establishment. There are 97 sta...