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saving patients' lives is an important duty for physicians. regardless of the level of a physician’s skills, there is always a possibility of damage or loss in patients’ life. in jurisprudence, there is a dispute as to whether a physician is responsible if he commits medical mistakes in the course of treatment. some scholars believe that a physician is always responsible for damages related to ...

the islamic economic system, in order to implement justice and prevent the emergence of wide gaps among social classes, prohibits wealth accumulation (iktinaz), and the holy qur'an explicitly promises punishment for it. many fughaha and commentators of the holy qur'an maintain that the forbidden iktinaz only is established by accumulating wealth and avoidance of paying its zakat. howe...

undoubtedly, the legislator has paid special attention toward protection of lineage of persons so as the weakest evidence like lottery may be used to establish a lineage under the shiite jurisprudence. therefore, the value and credit of scientific evidence such as dna test in proving lineage is very clearly acceptable. but the point worth considering here is evaluating whether such scientific e...

privacy is the realm and territory of every person's characteristics and behaviors which is not disclosed to the public and in the first stage, it is allocated to a particular person which he is not also inclined to disclose this privacy to others. people cannot tolerate any kind of others' entrance and supervision on this domain. they indicate reactions to the strangers' interfe...

Gerald Postema offers a gentle but damning critique of contemporary analytic jurisprudence for being antisocial , anti-philosophical, ahistorical, and, ultimately, mistaken not only about the province of jurisprudence but the nature of law. He also offers an elegant restatement of what jurisprudence with a wider ambition must be like; and it is a jurisprudence in which time and history are cent...

one of discussions about bill of exchange is whether its consideration (provision fr.) , that is the money which is or will be payable in a due date, is transferred to its holder. acceptance or rejection of the transfer of consideration has many important consequences. there are various theories about the question among iranian as well as other lawyers. due to the similarities between the comme...

judicial reconsideration refers to the process that should obligations of parties of a contract become unequal due to some unexpected accident, the judge would reconsider articles of the contract on the basis of a general judgment in the law, a juristic rule, or verdicts of jurists. there are some opinions as to justification of judicial reconsideration some of which being that of implicit cond...

some people think after human’s death, there is no commitment but the reality is different. he is committed to issues that are important such as: debt, blood money, loan and so on that for each there is a variety of topics. his posthumous commitments are due to be settled, and this is not impossible. in islamic jurisprudence, much attention has been paid to this issue, and it has been tackled f...