This study was designed to evaluate the adjuvant effect of ginsenoside Re isolated from the root of Panax ginseng on the immune responses elicited by split inactivated H3N2 influenza virus antigen in a mouse model. Forty-eight ICR mice were randomly distributed into six groups with 8 mice in each group. All animals were subcutaneously (s.c.) immunized twice on weeks 0 and 3 with 50 microg Re, i...

The eye route has been evaluated as an efficient vaccine delivery routes. However, in order to induce sufficient antibody production with inactivated vaccine, testing of the safety and efficacy of the use of inactivated antigen plus adjuvant is needed. Here, we assessed various types of adjuvants in eyedrop as an anti-influenza serum and mucosal Ab production-enhancer in BALB/c mice. Among the ...

background and aims: the aim of this study was application of gamma irradiated fmdv antigen for liquid phase blocking sandwich elisa (b-elisa) to quantify guinea pig anti fmdv type a87/irn antibody. methods: fmdv type a87/irn was propagated to a titer of 107.5/ml tcid50 and then irradiated by gamma irradiator. the irradiated 146 s antigen was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation after in...

Asthma exacerbation can be a life-threatening condition, and is most often triggered by common respiratory viruses. Poor asthma control and worsening of respiratory function is associated with increased airway inflammation, including eosinophilia. Prevention of asthma exacerbation relies on treatment with corticosteroids, which preferentially inhibit allergic inflammation like eosinophils. Huma...

Skin immunization is effective against a number of infectious diseases, including smallpox and tuberculosis, but is difficult to administer. Here, we assessed the use of an easy-to-administer microneedle (MN) patch for skin vaccination using an inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) in mice. Female inbred BALB/c mice in groups of six were immunized once in the skin using MN coated with 5 μg or 0.5...

Newborns are very susceptible to infections because their immune systems are not fully developed and react to antigen exposure preferentially with unresponsiveness. UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) represents such an antigen and does not induce an immune response in neonates. In contrast, protective T cells were primed in newborn mice by a single replicative cycle of DISC HSV-...

AIM To assess the efficacy and effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines in healthy children up to the age of 18 years. METHODS MedLine, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, WHOLIS, LILACS, and Global Health were searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort and case-control studies investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccines in healthy children up to the age of 18 years. ...

A dot immunobinding assay that uses inactivated antigen for the detection of rabies viral antibodies was compared with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Results of testing pre- and postvaccination sera from humans (n = 33) and canines (n = 22) were identical for both tests. Endpoint titers of positive sera also were approximately the same by both methods. When a mouse monoclonal anti...

With concerns about the efficacy of repeat annual influenza vaccination, it is important to better understand impact priming vaccine immunity and develop an effective vaccination strategy. Here, we determined heterologous prime-boost on inducing broader protective compared with same antigen. The primed mice that were intramuscularly boosted a inactivated A virus (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, H9N2) s...