AIMS The mandibular incisive nerve can be subjected to iatrogenic injury during bone graft harvesting. Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), this study aims to determine a safe zone for bone graft harvesting that avoids injuring this nerve. METHODS Sixty CBCT examinations of patients were included in this study. The examinations were taken using the i-CAT CBCT imaging system, applying a...

Objective: To evaluate the dimensions of incisive canal (IC) and foramen (IF) in dentate maxillary anterior edentulous (MAE) individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed MAE aged ≥ 50 years both sexes. Using CBCT, we measured buccal-palatal (BPW) mesial-distal (MDW) widths IF length buccal cortical (BC) palatal (PC) bones an...

Introduction: Incisive foramen in the maxilla is the oral terminus of the nasopalatine canal. This region is important in implantology, Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the  neurovascular anatomical variations in the maxillary anterior region, observed on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials &Methods: In this cross-sectional study, maxillary CBCT ima...

Objectives. The region between mental foramens is considered as a zone of choice for implants. However, complications may arise due to an extension anterior to the mental foramen that forms the mandible incisive canal [MIC]. Our goal is to evaluate identification of MIC by both panoramic radiograph [PAN] and cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]. Methods. 150 cases with bilateral MIC were analyz...

In the present study the bones of the skull, excluding the hyoid apparatus, are described. All the bones are aerated by sinuses. In the occipital bone the squamous part is aerated from the sinus of the parietal bone, the lateral part is aerated from the tympanic bulla and the basal part from the sinus of the basisphenoid bone. Condylar foramens and hypoglossal canals are absent. A small interpa...

The extant beaver, Castor, has played an important role shaping landscapes and ecosystems in Eurasia and North America, yet the origins and early evolution of this lineage remain poorly understood. Here we use a geometric morphometric approach to help re-evaluate the phylogenetic affinities of a fossil skull from the Late Miocene of China. This specimen was originally considered Sinocastor, and...

Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and provide information about palatal bone thickness in different vertical growth patterns for the placement orthodontic anchorage devices. Methods: We performed a published data Medline via PubMed, Web Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus from January 2000 August 2022 using eligibility criteria. Data collection analysi...

Computed tomography (CT) scanning is very useful in identifying and evaluating the location, size, and suspected pathological diagnosis of lesions such as cysts, tumors, and infections. At the same time, it aids in the elucidation of bone and surrounding soft tissue invasion of lesions with high resolution.1, 2 In the maxilla and mandible, teeth are included and the CT capacity there can distin...

The Brown bear (Ursusarctos) is a species at risk of extinction. It is considered the largestcarnivore and lives in northern Iran. Several studies on the structure of skullhave been  accomplished in differentanimals. The aim of this study was the inscription of gross anatomicalcharacteristics of skulls of three Iranian adult male brown bears that weretransferred  to the Anatomical Departmentof ...