This paper concentrates on a simple population model incorporating fear. Firstly, positivity and steady state analysis are performed, where the theoretical investigations show that change in level of fear prey does not effect local stability system around each equilibria (either stable or unstable). For deterministic model, numerical simulations plotted for density species as function various p...

A common method to study the dynamic behavior of macroeconomic variables is using linear time series models; however, they are unable to explain nonlinear behavior of the series. Given the dependency between stock market and derivatives, the behavior of the underlying asset price can be modeled using Markov switching process properties and the economic regime significance. In this paper, a two-...

The engine fuel control system plays a crucial role in performance and economy. Fuel control, traditional systems, is carried out by means of sensor-based methods, which correct the flow rate through correlations or scheduled parameters order to reduce error between measured parameter its desired value. In presence component degradation, however, relationship measurable may lead an increase err...