We present a numerical technique to simulate the propagation characteristics of an on-off-keyed modulated optical signal through fog. The on-off-keyed modulated light (a square wave) is decomposed into a finite number of harmonic components, and a numerical solution for the vector radiative transfer equation is obtained for each harmonic that corresponds to the modulation frequency. With this m...

In this chapter, we discuss two approaches to supporting collaborative learning activities in higher education through technological means: structuring and regulating collaboration (Dillenbourg, 2002). Structuring approaches aim to create favorable conditions for learning by designing and scripting the situation before the interaction begins. They attempt to define the structure of the learning...

We describe the experimental test of a quantum key distribution performed with a two-way protocol without using entanglement. An individual incoherent eavesdropping is simulated and induces a variable amount of noise on the communication channel. This allows a direct verification of the agreement between theory and practice.

Budget transparency is an instrumental factor for better understanding the concept of budget within a democratic context. International codes for best governance practices in public management have appointed the internet as a communication media with the potential to provide this information in a timely and transparent manner to the several players in the society, and open government data has a...

We propose a multiple-range quantum communication channel to realize coherent two-way quantum state transport with high fidelity. In our scheme, an information carrier (a qubit) and its remote partner are both adiabatically coupled to the same data bus, i.e., an N-site tight-binding chain that has a single defect at the center. At the weak interaction regime, our system is effectively equivalen...

The problem of asymptotic stabilization of a process via communication channel under control input constraints is studied. A solution is proposed which provides encoders, decoders and controllers accomplishing global asymptotic stabilization of the closed-loop system provided that a suitable number of bits is used to encode the information generated by the process. The proposed solution shows i...

This paper discusses the attitude of both e-businesses and ecustomers or perspective e-partners towards the risks which are born by using the Internet as the communication channel. The risks are highly correlated and shape the trust of an e-customer towards an e-business. Starting from the organization's attitude towards risks, a number of criteria that influence the customer's trust are presen...

A wireless communication channel can be characterized by a center of frequency (Fc) and a channel width (Fw). Recent studies suggest that, in the presence of changing environmental conditions, adjusting the channel width of a communication channel might improve network variables like throughput and power consumption. This thesis focuses on the effect that variable channel widths may have on the...

Online interpersonal interaction and communication has become an important aspect of social activities, especially among Millennials (young adults). However, the African continent has the lowest Internet access across the globe, but the development and rapid adoption of mobile technology has led to a major increase in the usage of Internet and new online Information and Communications Technolog...

Because of broadband wireless systems benefit from accurate channel characterization, there is growing interest in broadband wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel models. While coding and signal processing are key elements to successful implementation of a MIMO system, the communication channel representing a major component that determines system performance. This paper will f...