This Essay is about air transport and EC competition Law. The air transport industry has, in many countries, developed as a mixture of public utility and commercial venture. With the deregulation of the airline market, the EC Commission has also, to an increasing extent, become involved in the competition aspects of the airline industry. Part I deals with the transportation industry. Part II di...

Using an analytical framework of the global production network (GPN), the present paper examines the external environment and the internal dynamics of China’s integrated circuit (IC) industry. We analyze the transition of China’s IC industry from a state-led integrated device manufacturers’ model to deeper integration into the GPN. We also explore the technological sources, the upgrading dynami...

There is an increased interest in estimating the (co)variance components of additive animal models with direct and competition effects (AMC). However, all attempts to estimate the dispersion parameters in different animal species faced problems of convergence and highly variable estimates. The trouble is related with the lack of asymptotic identifiability in certain AMC. This property is observ...

How do banks react to increased interbank competition? Recent banking theory offers conflicting predictions about the impact of interbank competition on bank orientation i.e., the choice of relationship based versus transactional banking and bank industry specialization. We empirically investigate the impact of interbank competition on bank orientation and specialization. We employ a data set c...

Information system has become the indispensable support platform required by daily operations in modern enterprises. IC manufacturing industry is the most important base of advanced information products. Its rich knowledge innovation, complex production process, and high degree of cooperation require particular risk management on information security. On the basis of referencing to latest infor...

Defining competition Why do we need a new definition of competition? Some readers may argue that market concentration (measured by, for instance, the Herfindahl index or the concentration ratio) is a good way to define competition. More competition then implies less market concentration. From a policy point of view, market concentration suffices as an appropriate measure of competition if the f...

James A. Schmitz (2005) documents, in a well-known case study, a dramatic rise in productivity in the U.S. and Canadian iron-ore industry following an increase in competition from Brazil. Prior to the increased competition, the industry was not competitive. Surplus in profits was divided between business and unions. Schmitz attributes the increase in productivity to a change in work practices i...