background: tubo-ovarian abscess as a serious complication of pelvic inflammatory disease is very uncommon in sexually inactive girls. case: we report a case of tubo-ovarian abscess in a 24-year-old sexually inactive girl with transverse vaginal septum who was presented with abdominal pain and a pelvic mass and without prior surgical history and no evidences of appendicitis, inflammatory bowel ...

Zaltoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and antinflammatory agent. It selective COX-2 inhibitor also inhibits bradykinin-induced pain responses without blocking bradykinin receptors. prescribed for treating inflammatory conditions caused by various disorders such dental pain, musculoskeletal postoperative lumbar frozen shoulder, osteoarthritis cer...

BACKGROUND Ghrelin is a peptide with attenuating effect on inflammatory pain. Both anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators have a role in the nociception and development of pain and hyperalgesia. IL-10 and TGF-β are anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines related to peripheral and central inflammatory pain. In this study, the effects of i.p. injection o...

cuminum cyminum linn. (umbelliferae) is a plant, which has been used as a toothache remedy in folk medicine of iran. in this study, the potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit essential oil of c. cyminum has been evaluated in chemical (formalin test) and thermal (tail-flick test) models of nociception and formalin model of acute inflammation in rats and mice. th...

Objective(s): Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and debilitating neurological disorder. Ample evidence indicates that microglial cells and inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Alpha-terpineol is a monoterpenoid alcohol with inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of α-t...

Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid compounds are widely used in the releif of pain, they are not always useful due to their side effects. It seems necessary to search for newer analgesic compounds. Therefore, we decided to study the analgesic effects of this plant. For extraction, percolation method was used and different weights of dried extract were dissolved i...

Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid compounds are widely used in the releif of pain, they are not always useful due to their side effects. It seems necessary to search for newer analgesic compounds. Therefore, we decided to study the analgesic effects of this plant. For extraction, percolation method was used and different weights of dried extract were dissolved i...

Pain has both physical and emotional components. Physical noxious stimuli activate peripheral sensory neurons that, in turn, relay signals to the spinal and supraspinal nuclei. Subsequently, these signals activate areas within the brain associated with pain. Despite considerable knowledge in this area, analgesics may provide pain complete relief in only one out of five patients. Failure to mana...