Transmural pressure and external diameter were continuously recorded from intact segments of canine iliac artery and used to determine wall responses to maximal smooth muscle (SM) activation by norepinephrine (NE). Three different approaches were used:a) step inflations from low pressure following NE, B) slow, continuous inflation from low pressure following NE, and c) direct isometric and isob...

UNLABELLED The precise mechanism of tourniquet-induced arterial blood pressure increase is unknown. We determined the effect of preoperative oral dextromethorphan (DM) on arterial blood pressure and heart rate changes during tourniquet inflation in knee cruciate ligament reconstruction patients under general anesthesia. Patients in the DM group (n = 38) received oral DM 30 mg, and patients in t...

BACKGROUND The use of Intra-aortic counterpulsation is a well established supportive therapy for patients in cardiac failure or after cardiac surgery. Blood pressure variations induced by counterpulsation are transmitted to the cerebral arteries, challenging cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms in order to maintain a stable cerebral blood flow. This study aims to assess the effects on cerebral au...

background untrained fingertip palpation has been shown to be unable to adjust endotracheal tube (et) cuff pressure in most intubated patients. objective we determined the impact of a training course of ett cuff adjustment by palpation in attaining a safe cuff inflation pressure. patients and methods twenty-five nurses were asked to adjust the ett cuff pressure to 25 cmh2o by palpation on three...

Lung inflation was compared in isolated perfused lungs of control (C) and chronically hypoxic (CH) rats; in the latter, there is muscularization and loss of compliance in the pulmonary arterial system. During ventilation hypoxia, high alveolar pressure (Palv) elevated the pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) less in C than in CH rats; Ppa fell during sustained inflation, rose on deflation, and after...

Changes in intragastric pressure after dorsal truncal vagotomy, investigated by stimulation of the surviving vagal branches and by step inflation of the stomach, were divided into an early phase lasting five days, and a late phase continuing for at least three months. During the early phase the amplitude of vagal evoked contraction was diminished but the resting pressure and the response to gas...

Pressure controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO) has been found to substantially salvage ischemic myocardium. By elevating venous pressure two mechanisms are involved namely the distention of venous vessels inducing mechanotransduction as well as a redistribution of venous flow towards ischemic areas. Mechanotransduction in endothelial cells inducing changes in the ischemic hea...

BACKGROUND In volume guarantee ventilation with the Dräger Babylog 8000 ventilator, inspiratory and expiratory flows are monitored and the expiratory tidal volume calculated following each inflation. The pressure for the next inflation is modified to ensure the expired tidal volume is close to the set value. AIM To investigate interrupted expiration observed during volume guarantee ventilatio...

BACKGROUND Robust techniques for characterizing the biomechanical properties of mouse pulmonary arteries will permit exciting gene-level hypotheses regarding pulmonary vascular disease to be tested in genetically engineered animals. In this paper, we present the first measurements of the biomechanical properties of mouse pulmonary arteries. METHOD OF APPROACH In an isolated vessel perfusion s...

In brane inflationary scenarios, the cosmological perturbations are supposed to originate from the vacuum fluctuations of the inflaton field corresponding to the position of the brane. We show that a significant, and possibly dominant, contribution to the curvature perturbation is generated at the end of inflation through the vacuum fluctuations of fields, other than the inflaton, which are lig...