This paper presents an approach to determine the optimal PMU locations in order to render the complete observability to given power system using BPSO. Quadratic programming approach is used in BPSO, and results so obtained are compared with GAMS-MIP solver. A Method for Pseudo observability is also proposed for depth-one and depth-two with and without Zero injection measurements for IEEE-7, IEE...

The performance dependence of optically injection-locked 1.55 mm VCSELs by downstream signals in a bidirectional optical link on the degree of Rayleigh backscattered signal and modulation depth of the master DFB laser is studied. Such a study is important for operation in bidirectional WDM-PONs. Error-free upstream performance is achieved when the upstream signal to Rayleigh backscattering rati...

We study hole transport behavior of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with the dual wavelength emission method. It is found that at low injection levels, light emission is mainly from quantum wells near p-GaN, indicating that hole transport depth is limited in the active region. Emission from deeper wells only occurs under high current injection. However, with Mg-doped quantum barriers, holes pen...

Translation of fluorescence imaging using molecularly targeted imaging agents for real-time assessment of surgical margins in the operating room requires a fast and reliable method to predict tumor depth from planar optical imaging. Here, we developed a dual-wavelength fluorescent molecular probe with distinct visible and near-infrared excitation and emission spectra for depth estimation in mic...

this experiment was performed in order to determine effects of different levels of dietary l-threonine supplementation in male japanese quails’ diets on immune response, small intestinal morphology, blood parameters and microflora.one hundred and forty four, 1-d old japanese quails have been selected and randomly distributed between six treatments and four replicates. basal ration was based on ...

Purpose Cohesive Polydensified Matrix® hyaluronic acid (CPM-HA) volumizer has been used successfully for several years to reverse biometric volume loss during facial aging. This observational study explored the additive effect on nasolabial folds when CPM-HA volumizer is injected into the neighboring cheek area. Patients and methods In this open-label, prospective, postmarketing noninterventi...

The tibialis posterior muscle is a frequent target for injection of botulinum toxin during the management of spastic equinovarus foot in adults with post-stroke spasticity. Although it is deep-seated, the needle insertion into the tibialis posterior muscle is usually performed using anatomical landmarks and safety information obtained from healthy subjects and cadavers. Our aim was to evaluate ...

In some cases, if the insertion depth is shallower than expected, intramuscular (IM) injection of risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) may not penetrate the muscle fascia. However, if needle insertion depth is deeper than anticipated, needle penetration may cause damage to nerves, arteries and veins. Few clinical studies were done to evaluate the depth of needle length insertion reaching t...

[1] During the past decades, the research into fluid-controlled geodynamic processes in the upper crust of the Earth is put foreward regarding the stress accumulation, deformation, and seismicity. In a large-scale injection experiment at the deep borehole site KTB (Kontinentale Tiefbohrung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) in Germany, more than 84.000 m fresh water was injected in 4000 m depth ov...