The overall increase in the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women in the United States has been attributed to increases in rates of infection in east coast, inner-city African-American and Latino communities where there are heavy concentrations of injection drug use and high levels of inner-city poverty (Landesman 1989; Chu et al. 1990). In New York City, almost 80 pe...

The research aimed to assess the nature and level of pupils’ educational aspirations and to elucidate the factors that influence these aspirations. A sample of five inner city comprehensive secondary schools were selected by their Local Authority because of poor pupil attendance, below average examination results and low rates of continuing in full-time education after the age of 16. Schools we...