The pre-absorptive cephalic phase of insulin secretion is elicited during the first ten min of a meal and before glucose levels rise. Its importance for insulin release during the post-absorptive phase has been well documented in animals but its presence or importance in man has become increasingly controversial. We here examined the presence of an early cephalic phase of insulin release in 31 ...

Erythrocytes participate in the matching of oxygen (O2) delivery with local need in skeletal muscle via the release of O2 and the vasodilator, ATP. It was reported that a concentration of insulin found in humans with insulin resistance inhibits low O2-induced ATP release. However, in vivo, insulin is coreleased with connecting peptide (C-peptide) at equimolar concentrations, but because of the ...

We studied the effects of vitamin A deficiency and repletion on rat insulin release and islet cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP). Biphasic insulin release from vitamin A-deficient perifused islets was markedly impaired. Release remained impaired with retinoic acid (RA) repletion, 2 micrograms/g diet compared to release from islets of rats ...

Galanin is a neurotransmitter peptide that suppresses insulin secretion. The present study aimed at investigating how a non-peptide galanin receptor agonist, galnon, affects insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets of healthy Wistar and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Galnon stimulated insulin release potently in isolated Wistar rat islets; 100 microM of the compound increased the re...

Insulin release from pancreatic islet beta-cells is stimulated by glucose. Glucose-induced insulin release is potentiated or suppressed by hormones and neural substances. Ghrelin, a novel acylated 28-amino acid peptide isolated from stomach, is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R). Circulating ghrelin is produced predominantly in stomach. Ghrelin is a ...

The gastric hormone ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), are expressed in pancreas. Here, we report that ghrelin is released from pancreatic islets to regulate glucose-induced insulin release. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, as well as insulin, were higher in pancreatic veins than in arteries. GHSR antagonist and immunoneutralization of endogenous ghrelin enh...

STEFFENS, A. B. Influence of the oraZ cavity on insulin release in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 230(5): 1411-1415. 1976. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in undisturbed and free-moving rats. The insulin level rose in the 1st min after the start of food intake; the glucose level began to increase only in the 3rd min if a fluid carbohydrate-rich food was eaten. The insulin release follo...

objective(s): the purpose of this study is about the preparation and evaluation of nanoparticles composed of thiolated methylated pyridinyl chitosan (tmpc) which are made p.e.c method, for bucal drug delivery of insulin.materials and methods: first of all have to synthesize methylated pyridinyl chitosan and then for (tmpc) l-cysteine should be attached to methylated pyridinyl chitosan by the fo...

We have previously shown that in the intact rat: (1) the inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release caused by vincristine occurred in the presence or absence of morphologic disruption of the beta-cell microtubules; and (2) vincristine, however, failed to inhibit arginine-induced insulin release, even in the presence of a marked disruption of the beta-cell microtubules. The present study furt...

background: to evaluate the effect of exendine-4 (ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1) receptor agonist, on the differentiation of insulin-secreting cells (ipcs) from rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(admscs). materials and methods: in this experimental study, admscs were isolated from rat adipose tissue and exposed to induction media with or without ex-4. after induction, the exis...