We read with great interest Mandabushi and colleagues commentary about Serratus Anterior Plane Block as a New Analgesic Technique for Post-Thoracotomy Pain (1). They concluded that SAP block is very easy to perform and provides excellent analgesia in patients undergoing thoracotomy with minimal side effects. We would like to describe its possible use and limitations for analgesic control for th...

In a patient with the Eaton-Lambert syndrome, 4-aminopyridine produced temporary improvement of clinical and electromyographic abnormalities. Application of the drug in vitro to intercostal muscle from the patient produced an increase in the evoked release of neurotransmitter from intramuscular nerves.

The demand for postoperative analgesia was compared between 29 patients treated with cryoanalgesia to the relevant intercostal nerves during thoracotomy and a control group who did not have cryoanalgesia. The cryoanalgesia group required significantly less (p < 0.005) postoperative analgesia than did the control group.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132014000600013 The current intercostal nerve preservation strategy requires that care be taken when closing a thoracotomy. There are currently three thoracotomy closure techniques: • transosteal or transcostal suture closure • transperiosteal suture closure(5) • pericostal suture closure, whereby sutures are placed in the virtual space between the periosteum a...

INTRODUCTION Since its inception, reduction mammaplasty has matured considerably. Primary evolution in clinical research and practice has focused on preserving tissue viability. Surgery involves preserving not only tissue viability but also function and sensation. The nipple serves as the sensate unit of the breast and is a valuable part of women's psychological and sexual health, making preser...

OBJECTIVE To find out the most suitable perforator and cutaneous nerve for strategic design of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. MATERIAL AND METHOD The characteristics of the pedicles, perforators, intercostal nerves and the relationship between nerves and vessels in DIEP flaps were studied in 31 formalin-preserved cadavers. RESULTS Four hundred and five perforator vesse...

: Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is located using ultrasound at the level of midaxillary line and fifth rib, a certain amount local anesthetics injected either superficially or deeply into muscle, blocking third to sixth intercostal nerves, long thoracic thoracodorsal nerves. It mainly used in breast surgeries, rib fractures thoracotomy manage pain anterolateral chest wa...

The sternalis muscle (SM) is an anatomical variant found in the anterior thoracic wall. While the attachment sites of SM are generally agreed upon, the innervation and function of this muscle are not well established. Cadaveric and surgical explorations to date report that SM is innervated by either the pectoral nerves or the anterior branches of the intercostal nerves, or a combination of both...