A prominent theorist of Soviet and East European economics critiques the vision of political and economic processes implicit in shock therapy, defending an alternative, evolutionary approach. The critique of shock therapy rests on both theoretical reasoning and examination of evidence from recent cases. An intensive study of economic change in Poland and Russia since the late-1980s concludes th...

Alauddin Khilji, the ruler of Delhi Sultanate in medieval India, faced numerous military challenges during his reign. These included defending against Mongol invasions, suppressing internal rebellions, expanding boundaries Sultanate, and overcoming logistical obstacles. To address these challenges, Khilji implemented significant reforms, such as establishing a standing army, implementing strict...

The study is based about comparison of civil-military regimes (1999-2018). main objective the to explore educational reforms/policies and analyze internal / eternal factors related failure system in Pakistan. Education plays a usually role advancement protection National Identity. However, being ideological state Western countries considered Pakistan nurturing anti west approaches amongst few M...

BACKGROUND After the fall of communism, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe started the process of political, economic, and social transformation. In health system the reform directions were often similar, despite differences in transition dynamics and the degree of government determination to implement reforms. Nonetheless, for most post-communist countries, there is a gap in evidence ...

Prior studies of internal control disclosures under the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) provide limited evidence on the impact of internal control regulation on reporting quality. Moreover, there is no empirical evidence on the reporting quality effects of mandatory internal control reforms in non-U.S. environments. Thus, it is still an open question whether internal control regulation leads to s...