T he term globalization is used in many different contexts. Indeed, it has become a buzzword with a multitude of meanings and interpretations. In this literature review, however, globalization is taken to mean the gradual integration of economies and societies driven by new technologies, new economic relationships and the national and international policies of a wide range of actors, including ...

We set up a symmetric two-country model with two multinationals competing on the quantities and possibly manipulating their transfer prices. Governments choose both the corporate profit tax rate and the level of enforcement of the “arm’s length” principle. We show that stronger enforcement increases equilibrium tax rates. We also find that a larger international ownership of multinationals lead...

Agriculture has a key role to play in reducing poverty and hunger in many developing countries. About 75% of the world's poor live in rural areas and most are dependent on agriculture and related activities in the rural economy. For this reason the benefits for developing countries’ farmers have been shown to be substantial if OECD member countries reformed their agricultural policies. The issu...

Policy incoherence at the interface between trade policy and health can take many forms, such as international trade commitments that strengthen protection of pharmaceutical patents, or promotion of health tourism that exacerbates the shortage of physicians in rural areas. Focusing on the national policy-making process, we make recommendations regarding five conditions that are necessary, but n...

Agriculture has a key role to play in reducing poverty and hunger in many developing countries. About 75% of the world's poor live in rural areas and most are dependent on agriculture and related activities in the rural economy. For this reason the benefits for developing countries’ farmers have been shown to be substantial if OECD member countries reformed their agricultural policies. The issu...

The establishment in 1995 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the adoption of international trade agreements pertaining to food regulation currently have a significant impact on domestic regulatory policies established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and other agencies responsible for protecting consumers and ensuring the safety of the...

Market distortions in global trade occur when a govern­ ment creates policies that increase or lower prices of imported and /or exported goods. When prices are distorted, consumers pay either less or more than they would have if the price-altering policies were not in place. In agricultural and food mar­ kets, governments tend to create pricealtering trade policies especially when global agricu...

Introduction International trade and industrialisation have been central concerns in the debate on development theory and policy for many years. International Finance Institutions, such as World Bank and IMF introduced, during the 80s, strong revisions of their lending mechanisms by adding the known conditinalities, which included the trade liberalisation policies particularly concerning LDCs. ...