PURPOSE To assess the effect of applying a protocol for image selection and the number of images required for adequate quantification of corneal nerve pathology using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM). METHODS IVCCM was performed in 35 participants by a single examiner. For each participant, 4 observers used a standardized protocol to select 6 central corneal nerve images to assess ...

BACKGROUND The diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy is vulnerable to inadequate visualization related to residual bile or chyme remaining in the lumen despite intestinal lavage. It has been challenging to determine the optimal lavage preparation of the bowel and patient diet before capsule endoscopy, as well as the timing of the procedure, because no well-accepted, validated grading system for...

The diagnosis of digital dermatitis (DD) in cows is crucial for researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures. The objective of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-observer agreement and accuracy of a simple method to score DD lesions that is based on the inspection of cleaned feet in the milking parlor with a swiveling mirror and a powerful headlamp. The hind feet of 24...

INTRODUCTION It is important to create a body of evidence surrounding the reliability of certain diagnostic criteria. While the reliability of the Cobb measurement is well established with various licensed health care professionals, this study aims to determine the inter- and intra-observer reliability of the Cobb Measurement among chiropractic interns. METHODS Fourteen chiropractic interns a...

BACKGROUND Although facial cleanliness is part of the SAFE strategy for trachoma there is controversy over the reliability of measuring a clean face. A child's face with no ocular and nasal discharge is clean and the endpoint of interest, regardless of the number of times it must be washed to achieve that endpoint. The issue of reliability rests on the reproducibility of graders to assess a cle...

The aims of this study are to determine the intra-observer and inter-observer agreement between the two radiologists when reporting the Waters view and 3 views series of the paranasal sinus radiographs. To also determine whether a single Waters view is adequate for diagnostic purpose of sinusitis. 90 sets of paranasal sinuses radiographs were reported by two radiologists independently. The resu...

BACKGROUND Prechtl's method on the qualitative assessment of general movements (GMs) has been shown to be a good predictor of neurological outcome. There is substantial evidence that this method has good inter- and intra-observer agreement. AIMS We wanted to find out whether this high agreement is reproducible in the clinical setting. STUDY DESIGN Reliability study (inter- and intra-observe...

The objective of the study was to assess the measurement properties of an indirect volumetric measurement using segmental circumferential measurements fitted into a formula of a truncated cone (Sitzia's method) in long-term transtibial amputees. Twenty-eight participants with a transtibial amputation >1 year participated in the study. Two observers measured stump volume twice, two weeks apart, ...

INTRODUCTION Kinematic gait analysis via the multi-segmental Oxford foot model (OFM) may be a valuable addition to the biomechanical examination of the foot and ankle. The aim of this study is to assess the repeatability of the OFM in healthy subjects. METHODS Nine healthy subjects, without a history of lower extremity injury, were recruited. Markers were placed according to the OFM requireme...