Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites because they can infect cells and hijack the gene expression process in host for replication of viral genetic material. The mechanism life cycle is generally divided into three stages such as entry, genome replication, budding, release. Several viruses inhibit interferon signaling through JAK/STAT pathway human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), HIV-1, murine h...

BACKGROUND In comparison to the comprehensive analyses performed on virulence gene expression, regulation and action, the intracellular metabolism of Salmonella during infection is a relatively under-studied area. We investigated the role of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the intracellular replication of Salmonella Typhimurium in resting and activated macrophages, epithelial cells, and d...

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen capable of causing severe invasive disease with high mortality rates in humans. While previous studies have largely elucidated the bacterial and host cell mechanisms necessary for invasion, vacuolar escape, and subsequent cell-to-cell spread, the L. monocytogenes factors required for rapid replication within the restr...