Finland was the first country in which brain death was legally accepted. Since 1975, 37 cases of brain death had been recorded in a university hospital in Finland, and these were reviewed. The cause for brain death was intracranial bleeding in 32 cases, other cerebrovascular disorder in two, and intracranial neoplasm in three. In 21 brain death was diagnosed clinically. In 16 cases confirmatory...

OBJECTIVE To present a case involving a discrepancy in the presurgical data of a patient suffering from pharmacoresistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 47-year-old, female patient with complex partial seizures since her twenties came to be evaluated in the Epilepsy Surgery Unit. The ictal electroencephalogram suggested a left temporal epileptogenic zo...

We report on a 14-year-old girl who presented with a 2-year history of simple and complex partial seizures with secondary generalisation. Monotherapy using carbamazepine and combination therapy using carbamazepine and gabapentin had been tried within the 2 years before presentation. Seizure control, however, was poor. Magnetic resonance imaging showed structural abnormalities over the right occ...

Documentation of familial epilepsy is of paramount importance for identification of epilepsy-associated genes, elucidation of pathomechanisms of epilepsy, and development of treatment of epilepsy. We report a Japanese family with 5 members with lateral temporal lobe epilepsy beginning around the second decade of life. All seizures were intractable to medical treatment, and four patients underwe...

Treatment for cerebral aneurysms is performed because aneurysm poses a risk of future neurologic deficits due to intracranial hemorrhage. Such surgical and endovascular treatment are prophylactic prevent harm patients. Ironically, these procedures themselves pose similar risks. During aneurysms, intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) can be used assess the functional state brain. Thr...

The article considers modern technologies for reading signals from the human brain and nervous system selects optimal technology to improve efficiency of adult learning with help a neurocomputer interface. Existing brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can be divided into invasive non-invasive. first, BCIs, are neuroimplants in certain parts that work on basis electrocorticography (ECOG) or intracran...

In reflex epilepsies, alteration of γ oscillations may mediate transition between interictal and ictal states. Here, we explored a patient having seizures triggered by syrup intake. From intracranial electroencephalography combined with functional MRI, the overlap of the gustatory cortex and of the preictal and ictal onset zones, as defined by early gamma changes, motivated the successful resec...

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a device that enables severely disabled people to communicate and interact with their environments using their brain waves. Most research investigating BCI in humans have used scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG). We have recently demonstrated that signals from intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereotactic depth electrodes (SDE) in the hipp...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate high-dose barbiturates as a second-tier therapy for pediatric refractory intracranial hypertension complicating severe traumatic brain injury. DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study of children with refractory intracranial hypertension treated with high-dose barbiturates. SETTING A single center level I pediatric trauma from 2001 to 2010. PATIENTS Thirty-six ch...