Intranasal administration has been widely used to investigate the effects of the neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin on human behaviour and neurological disorders, although exactly what happens when these neuropeptides are administered intranasally is far from clear. In particular, it is not clear whether a physiological significant amount of peptide enters the brain to account for the obser...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-1), a ≈50-kDa serine protease inhibitor, markedly reduces the extravascular toxicity of tissue-type plasminogen activator in experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury of newborns. However, the current treatment with PAI-1 requires intracerebroventricle injection to cross the blood-brain barrier, which is an invasive procedure o...

Stem cell-based therapies for neurological disorders, including brain tumors, advance continuously toward clinical trials. Optimized cell delivery to the central nervous system remains a challenge since direct intracerebral injection is an invasive method with low transplantation efficiency. We investigated the feasibility of intranasal administration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) as ...

The mucosal adjuvant effect of synthetic double-stranded RNA polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] against influenza virus was examined under intranasal coadministration with inactivated hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine in BALB/c mice and was shown to have a protective effect against both nasal-restricted infection and lethal lung infection. Intranasal administration of vaccine from PR8...

background: enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 is an infectious zoonotic pathogen causing human infections. these infections, in some cases, can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome and its life-threatening complications and even death worldwide. the first intimate bacterial adhesion, intimin (i), with its own receptor translocated intimin receptor (tir) and e. coli secreted protein...

OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of the use of a topical vasoconstrictor for hemostasis during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS From May 1998 to August 2002, 226 patients (injection group) with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis received an adrenaline injection for hemostasis during functional endoscopic sinus surgery at our ter...

Candida albicans malate dehydrogenase (Mdh1p) has been screened by previous proteome studies as a candidate for a vaccine against candidiasis. In this study, recombinant Mdh1 protein with a His-tag was produced in Escherichia coli and evaluated as an immunogenic protein against candidiasis. Mdh1p was administrated to mice by two methods subcutaneous injection and intranasal administration befor...

From the lungs of two fatal cases and from the sputum of two non-fatal cases of atypical bronchopneumonia, a psittacosis-like virus was isolated by direct intranasal inoculation of mice. Intraperitoneal injection of the same human material into mice gave negative results. The virus has a relatively high virulence for mice by intranasal or intra-cerebral inoculation, but does not kill after intr...

Elderly individuals are at increased risk of cognitive decline after anesthesia. General anesthesia is believed to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, there is no treatment that can prevent anesthesia-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Here, we treated mice with daily intranasal administration of insulin (1.75 U/day) for one week before anesthesia induced by int...

The nasal cavity is a promising site for drug delivery and intranasal preparations are thus commonly dispensed to treat conditions such as chronic, recurrent or resistant sinus. XyliFos is a proprietary powder excipient used in pharmaceutical compounding for nasal nebulization or nasal and wound irrigation. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and toxicological profile of XyliFos usi...