Minute amounts of antiserum injected intraperitoneally protect against large doses of equine encephalomyelitis virus given intramuscularly or intraperitoneally in 12 to 15 day old mice. Antiserum given intraperitoneally with virus intracerebrally or intranasally results in little or no protection. These phenomena occur as well when serum-virus mixtures are injected at the different sites. The m...

Marine creature such as sea cucumbers are rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). It is famous and has long been utilised traditional remedies commonly used wound healing therapy. This study designed to explore the effect of GAGs cucumber especially from integument wall Stichopus vastus for by intra-peritoneally injected rats daily.
 
 Complete randomised design was this where a total twen...

Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are assumed to mediate anorexia during bacterial infections. To improve our understanding of the role that these two cytokines serve in mediating infection during anorexia, we investigated the ability of pentoxifylline (PTX), a potent inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, to block the anorectic effects of th...

Live Salmonella typhi administered intraperitoneally, acetone-killed S. typhi administered intraperitoneally, and live S. typhi given orally, with their effectiveness decreasing in that order, protected Swiss white mice against death from challenge with a virulent Salmonella typhimurium hybrid expressing S. typhi antigens.