BACKGROUND The benzodiazepines are used primarily for anxiolysis, amnesia and sedation. However, recent investigations have shown that some forms of this group of drugs have also direct effect on pain. This study aims to determine the effect of midazolam in reducing the severity of pain in women scheduled for elective cesarean section. METHODS In a prospective, double blind randomized control...

BACKGROUND Although intrathecal midazolam has been reported to produce antinociceptive effects mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptor complexes in the spinal cord, the effects of systemic midazolam on nociception remain unclear. We performed this study to examine the effects of IV-administered midazolam on somatosympathetic Adelta and C reflex discharges in brain-int...

Background & Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the differences in the onset, duration of action and complications of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (group I) and intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with midazolam 2.5 mg (group II) in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries Materials and Methods: Hundred patients belonging to ASA grade – I and Grade-II (each group, n=...

BACKGROUND An intravenous (IV) overdose of pentobarbital sodium is the most commonly used method of euthanasia in veterinary medicine. However, this compound is not available in many countries or rural areas resulting in usage of alternative methods such as intrathecal lidocaine administration after IV anesthesia. Its safety and efficacy as a method of euthanasia have not been investigated in t...

In parallel with improvements in understanding pain neurophysiology, many chemicals have recently been investigated for spinal anaesthesia and analgesia. However, studies discussing the effects of these drugs on neural tissue indicate that knowledge about some aspects of neurotoxicity is limited. Forty-nine New Zealand albino rabbits, weighing 2.2 +/- 0.2 kg, were randomly assigned to seven gro...