Atopic dermatitis/eczema is a chronically relapsing, pruritic, and inflammatory skin disease. The term "atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome" covers the "extrinsic" and "intrinsic" atopic dermatitis. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis includes complex interaction between the genetic background, skin barrier defects, abnormalities in innate and adaptive immunity, abnormalities of humoral and cel...

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections has become a major health burden due to emergence antibiotic-resistant strains. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) proinflammatory cytokine that rapidly induced upon S. exposure whose inhibition associated with increased risk in humans. However, contribution TNF cognate receptors, TNFR1 TNFR2, host defense against unclear. T...

We have developed the effective algorithm for detecting digital binary phase-shift keyed signals. This algorithm requires a small number of arithmetic operations over the signal period. It can be relatively easy implemented based on the modern programmable logic devices. It also provides high interference immunity by identifying signal presence when signal-to-noise ratio is much less that its w...

Host-intrinsic factors as well as environmental changes are known to be strong evolutionary drivers defining the genetic foundation of immunity. Using a novel set of teleost genomes and a time-calibrated phylogeny, we here investigate the family of Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes and address the underlying evolutionary processes shaping the diversity of the first-line defence. Our findings revea...

UNLABELLED Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is used by the intrinsic antiviral immune response to restrict viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Despite characterization of the host factors that rely on SUMOylation to exert their antiviral effects, the enzymes that mediate these SUMOylation events remain to be defined. We show that unconjugated SUMO levels are largely mai...

Given the rapid spread of flaviviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus, it is critical that we develop a complete understanding of the key mediators of an effective anti-viral response. We previously demonstrated that WNV infection of mice deficient in mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), the signaling adaptor for RNA helicases such as RIG-I, resulted in increased deat...