Introduction The introduction of the first antipsychotic agents in the 1950s marked a dramatic improvement in the care for individuals with schizophrenia and other forms of severe and persistent mental illness. The discovery of antipsychotic medications encouraged medical science’s more systematic investigation of the biological underpinnings of schizophrenia and the development of additional a...

SINCE THE INTRODUCTION OF POLYSOMNOGRAPHY (PSG) IN THE 1950S, THIS METHOD HAS BEEN REGARDED AS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR OBJECTIVE assessment of sleep,1 providing measures of both sleep and wake time, in addition to classification of sleep stages. Even though PSG offers extensive information on sleep behavior and sleep physiology, it is very expensive and can sometimes be too invasive to be used in...

Background: Plasmapheresis is a well-recognised method for harvestingplasma.  It was introduced in the 1950s and is currently employed worldwide.  This method has been in use in Iran since 1979. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of donor safety program used at the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Methods: A comparison is made of the protein concentrations between the first-time and lon...

There has been little progress in the management of CAP since the widespread introduction of antibiotics in the 1950s, with no new classes of drugs licensed specifically for CAP and little progress in reducing mortality. The focus of international guidelines for CAP have been on “doing the simple things well”, since early antibiotic administration, appropriate fluid resuscitation, early mobilis...

OBJECTIVE To review the historical development of the psychopharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. METHOD A chronological literature review of the clinical practices and theoretical models that have controlled drug treatment of schizophrenia at different times. RESULTS Effective treatment of schizophrenia was achieved only after the introduction of antipsychotic drugs, in the 1950s, an...