Understanding the emergence of cooperation in spatial public goods game remains a grand challenge across disciplines. In most previous studies, it is assumed that the investments of all the cooperators are identical, and often equal to 1. However, it is worth mentioning that players are diverse and heterogeneous when choosing actions in the rapidly developing modern society and researchers have...

The study of memory for event duration in pigeons has, for the most part, centered on an unusual behavioral phenomenon and an interesting theoretical explanation for it. A typical experiment on memory for event duration involves trials initiated by a sample stimulus that is either short or long in duration (e.g., 2 vs. 10 sec of houselight) and that is later followed by the simultaneous present...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is generally considered as an important driver of economic growth and employment opportunities. In particular, countries in transition are adopting their promotion policies to attract FDI it the required sectors regions. Public financial support form incentives used one tools policy. However, this only effective attracting if country attains minimum threshold qua...

When producers of goods (or services) are confronted by a situation in which their offerings no longer perfectly match consumer preferences, they must determine the extent to which the advertised features of the product reflect the product’s actual attributes. We find that the two important determinants of sellers’ advertising strategy are the Repeg cost ratio, Rp, and the Repeat Sales Coeffici...

When producers of goods (or services) are confronted by a situation in which their offerings no longer perfectly match consumer preferences, they must determine the extent to which the advertised features of the product reflect the product’s actual attributes. We find that the two important determinants of sellers’ advertising strategy are the Repeg cost ratio, Rp, and the Repeat Sales Coeffici...

The paper investigated the effect of investment promotion (IP) on foreign direct investment flow (FDI) into Ghana. Cointegration among the variables was established using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) models in the presence of a mix of I (0) and I (1) variables. The control variables, inflation and trade openness were statistically significant in the short run. Whilst inflation exerted...

Policymakers in developing countries have increasingly pinned their hopes on bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in order to improve their chances in the worldwide competition for foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the effectiveness of BITs in inducing higher FDI inflows is still open to debate. It is in several ways that we attempt to clarify the inconclusive empirical findings of earl...

The working assumption nowadays is that in a relatively non-distorted domestic policy environment, foreign direct investment (FDI) brings in much-needed capital, technical know-how, organisational, managerial and marketing practices and global production networks, thus facilitating the process of economic growth and development in host countries [Lall 2000; OECD 2002:Chapters 1 and 3]. For inst...

the water and wastewater considered as one of capital intensive industrials in iran because it has 436 thousand milliard rial in fixed asset, 32.8 million rial in monopolistic market and the share of 0.05 % in gdp. the statistics showed that there is approximately 22 % of facilities and equipment in industrial production process as uncompleted projects. the need for macro investment, the limite...