A convenient route for the preparation of C2-substituted imidazolium ionic liquids is reported. This method involves the alkylation of N-heterocyclic carbenes, which are readily generated from the C2-unsubstituted imidazolium ionic liquids. It works well for non-functionalized alkyl chlorides, and less well for alkyl bromides and iodides, likely due to competing elimination reactions. The resul...

Bile salts are ionic amphiphilic compounds with a steroid skeleton. Among the most important physiological properties of bile salts are lipid transport by solubilization and transport of some drugs through hydrophobic barriers. Bile salts have been extensively studied to enhance transepithelial permeability for different marker molecules and drugs. They readily agglomerate at concentrations abo...

The equivalent conductivity of molten salts containing more than two ion constituents will be discussed using the equivalent fractions (Äquivalentanteile). The ionic conductivities of the ion constituents follow from this equivalent conductivity and the transport numbers. The electrical transport phenomena are referred to the idealized ionic melt which is defined by the limiting values of the i...

The water solubility of salts is ordinarily dictated by lattice energy and ion solvation. However, in the case of low melting salts also known as ionic liquids, lattice energy is immaterial and differences in hydrophobicity largely account for differences in their water solubility. In this contribution, the activity coefficients of ionic liquids in water are split into cation and anion contribu...

This article deals about the preparation and characterization of potassium, magnesium and ammonium ion conducting PMMA based gel polymer electrolytes. The gel polymer electrolytes were prepared by solution cast method. The formation polymer complex of ionic salts and PMMA were confirmed by FTIR. The ionic conductivities were measured by impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. It was found t...

We quantitatively modeled the volume phase transition of a hydrogel containing a crystalline colloidal array with a crown ether ligand which binds Pb2+. The hydrogel volume response and the wavelength diffracted depend on the Pb2+ concentration and on both the ionic strength and the valence of the nonbinding ionic species. We successfully modeled the response of this hydrogel Pb2+ sensor to ion...

While there has been much effort in recent years to characterise ionic liquids in terms of parameters that are well described for molecular solvents, using these to explain reaction outcomes remains problematic. Herein we propose that many reaction outcomes in ionic liquids may be explained by considering the electrostatic interactions present in the solution; that is, by recognising that ionic...

The solubility of cholesterol in mixed aqueous ionic and non-ionic micellar systems in the presence and absence of salts and ionic dyes has been studied. The mixed micellar system of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and Triton X-100 solubilized more cholesterol than a system consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100. The influence of salts and dyes on these systems was moderate but ...

Ionic liquids, low temperature molten salts, have various advantages manifesting themselves as durable and environmentally friendly solvents. Their application is expanding into various fields including hydrometallurgy due to their unique properties such as non-volatility, inflammability, low toxicity, good ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical potential window. This paper reviews previo...

The formation of lipid bilayers between ionic liquid droplets is presented as a new means of forming functional bimolecular networks. Ionic liquids are molten salts that have a number of interesting properties, such as the ability to be a liquid at room temperature and exceedingly low vapor pressure. Our research demonstrates that it is possible to consistently and repeatable form lipid bilayer...