Rod vision is initiated when 11-cis-retinal, bound within rhodopsin, absorbs a photon and isomerizes to all-trans-retinal (ATR). This triggers an enzyme cascade that lowers cGMP, thereby closing cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. ATR then dissociates from rhodopsin, with bright light releasing millimolar levels of ATR. We have recently shown that ATR is a potent closed-state inhibitor of t...

Thermophilic bacteria play an important role in aroma formation during pile-fermentation process of dark tea. With the aim to reveal impact thermophilic on volatile compounds tea, Bacillus licheniformis (thermophilic bacteria) were inoculated into sun-dried green tea for spontaneous fermentation. In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry ...

In the title curcumin-ionone derivative, C(18)H(22)OS, the dihedral angle between the thia-zole ring and the mean plane through the cyclo-hexene ring is 5.16 (10)°. The mol-ecule has an E conformation for each of the olefinic bonds.

A study was conducted to explore the relationship between the effects of vitamin A upon cartilage and the biological role of vitamin A in maintaining growth and life. Retinol, retinoic acid, alpha-retinoic acid, and ROB-7699 (a cyclopentyl analog of retinoic acid) were highly effective in promoting the lysis of the extracellular matrix of cartilage grown in organ culture in vitro. Retinoic acid...

The extraction of bioactive plant components, which belong to specialized metabolites, is carried out by conventional and novel methods. In this study, a classical (hydrodistillation, HD) technique (microwave-assisted water extraction, MAE) were used isolate free volatile compounds from nine Croatian Veronica taxa (family Plantaginaceae). Each these extracts consists lipophilic phase an aqueous...

4'-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3'-buten-2'-ketoxime-N-O-alkyl ethers have been synthesized starting from alpha-ionone, separated into their E and Z isomers and characterized on the basis of (1)H-NMR and mass spectra.

Volatile constituents are critical to the flavor of tea, but their changes in raw Pu-erh tea (RAPT) during storage have not been clearly understood. This work aimed investigate volatile composition and at various durations. The profile RAPT was determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction combination gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total 130 compounds were identified samples, ...

Cyanidium caldarium excretes a series of nor-carotenoids. A 110 litre culture was used to isolate and determine the structure of 5 compounds: methylheptone, geranylacetone, /?-ionone, dihydrotrim ethylnaphthalene, butenylidenetrimethylcyclohexene. An algal bioassay was used to determine their effectivness on the growth of photoautotrophic organisms. The growth of Anabaena, Synechococcus, Nannoc...