The aims of this study were two-fold. First to compare the perceptions of African dental aesthetics as determined by a panel of black African Senegalese and French Caucasian judges, and second to compare the sensitivity and specificity of both components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in relation to the opinions of African ...

Introduction: Facial esthetics as well as dental health improvements is the main concern of orthodontic treatment. Dentofacial appearance that deviates from normal may have a negative impact on social, physiological and psychological functions. But individual’s attitude to its malocclusion is an important factor in determining treatment need. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the pe...

Energy security and energy trade are the cornerstones of global economic social development. The structural robustness international oil network (iOTN) plays an important role in economy. We integrate machine learning optimization algorithm, game theory, utility theory for decision-making model that contains benefit endowment cost economies trades. have reconstructed degree, clustering coeffici...

Background: Malocclusion occurs due to a change in dimensions from primary teeth permanent teeth. The most common malocclusion children aged 9-11 years is caused by the eruption of canines and second premolars, requiring orthodontic treatment. To be able determine level need for treatment, an index needed, one which Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) Dental Aesthetic (DAI). clinic at RS...

Background Evaluating the need and assessing severity of problem help in concluding actual for orthodontic treatment. Many indices had been developed over years this purpose, one most used is IOTN. This study was carried out assessment grade treatment difficulty utilizing IOTN index patients seeking at King Abdulaziz Dental Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Random casts digital photos residents’ we...

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in eastern Nepal and compare the findings with those of other populations. Methods. Two thousand seventy-four children (1149 males and 925 females) aged between 12 and 15 years were evaluated. Their orthodontic treatment need was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic T...

BACKGROUND The objectives for this study were to assess Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in young people aged 15-25 who sought orthodontic treatment, and to measure the association between orthodontic treatment need (using the IOTN), sex, age and education level, and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). METHODS Survey of a consecutive series of 323 young adults aged 15 to...

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the orthodontic treatment need in adolescent Kuwaitis, adjusting for treatment experience and acquired need due to mesial migration or loss of the first molars, and to assess the orthodontic manpower requirements. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A population-based sample of 753 boys and 728 girls, representing about 7% of all 13- to 14-year-old Kuwaitis, was examin...