Traffic congestion is an increasing problem in urban environments. As cities develop, more traffic is featuring on the roads. However, adequate and timely measures are required in terms of infrastructure development to facilitate smooth flow of traffic. In this research we have designed and implemented a traffic advisory system for Islamabad, Pakistan. This system advises the commuter of the sh...

Islamabad is currently in the process of reviewing its Master Plan. Islamabad, planned 1960 by C. A. Doxiadis on principles ‘Dynapolis’ – “the City Future” a low-density administrative city, with single-family homes based an American suburban model. There was no room for poor, central business district (CBD), or even university. The city has 126 illegal private housing societies - operating wit...

The radiometric method has been used for detection of coliform bacteria in water. The method is based on measuring the released metabolic 14CO2 from 14C-lactose in growth media containing coliform organisms incubated at 37 degrees C under continuous shaking. This rapid and sensitive radiometric method permits the detection of even single coliform organisms within 6 hours of incubation. Using th...

Airborne pollen allergies and asthma are on a rise in the metropolitan city of Islamabad. Knowledge of allergenic pollen is limited in the area. Cannabis sativa L. or commonly known as Hemp is widely spread weed in the city. Morphological studies performed via light microscopy and SEM have shown that the pollen of Cannabis sativa are 21μm long having triporate aperture, spheroidal in shape and ...

In developing countries like Pakistan hospital waste management is one of the ignored areas that have further augmented the poor hygiene conditions. This study was undertaken to highlight the medical waste management condition in the capital city Islamabad and its twin city Rawalpindi. Seventeen hospitals located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad were visited; doctors, paramedical staff and sanitary ...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the sperm morphology of proven fertile males and to compare the same with that of infertile males. Method: This study was carried out at International Medical College Rawalpindi and its attached Railway hospital and Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples Islamabad, from June 2005 to July 2006. 50 healthy fertile males were selected and thei...

In order to design a solar energy system with optimized performance a through knowledge of solar radiation data for a considerably long period (20-25 years) is a pre-requisite. For developing countries like Pakistan, the need of empirical models to assess the feasibility of solar energy utilization seems inevitable due to the absence and scarcity of trust-worthy solar radiation data. We present...

This study attempts to know that leadership style and gender of head of department affect the job satisfaction of faculty members in universities of Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Wah and Taxila. Total sample chosen was 350 faculty members from 9 universities of Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Wah and Taxila. Questionnaires completed and returned by 223 respondents which were included in study. Remaining were i...

.. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have the symptoms of anxiety in common that may result in adverse outcomes. Objectives: Due to the significant association of anxiety and CVD, scheduled screening of all cardiac patients has been recommended by the medical authorities like the American Heart Association. But in Pakistan it is not a common practice to use such tools, reason being una...

Land subsidence is a major concern in vastly growing metropolitans worldwide. The most serious risks this scenario are linked to groundwater extraction and urban development. Pakistan’s fourth-largest city, Rawalpindi, its twin Islamabad, located at the northern edge of Potwar Plateau, witnessing extensive expansion. Groundwater (tube-wells) residents’ primary daily water supply these metropoli...