according to the viewpoints of the two major sects (shī‘a and sunnī) and the article 221 of the islamic penal law, the verdict of retaliation (qiṣāṣ) in deliberate murder does not apply to a father who has murdered his child; however, according to the generally accepted view of the imāmiyya, the mother is not excluded from this verdict and is retaliated in qiṣāṣ for murdering her child. setting...

Bâtinism is one of the remarkable subjects in terms meanings it contains. On side medallion, there are those who consider themselves lucky because they rely on intuition, emotion and their chosen charismatic leaders reaching information. other side, we see communities that demonized excluded challenge absolutized beliefs mainstream politico-religious societies states. There social, economic, po...

The autonomy of research participants is crucial in research ethics without which it will be difficult to carry out research. Central to the concept of autonomy is the debate on whether the cultural norms of individuals (particularly women) should be given priority in settings where these norms require that researchers should go through male heads such as husbands and traditional leaders. This ...

A common feature of the five faiths discussed in this article is change over time. This allowed diversity within the religions, and generally led to a degree of liberalization, but in some faiths or their sects, resulted in a narrow or rigid interpretation. For example, the golden Vedic Period of Hinduism in India when "women were worshipped" gradually faded, ushering in the social evils of fem...

the prophetic action and behavior as a part of tradition is regarded as a kind of evidence and legal plea. explanation of the concept and nature of the prophet’s (s.a.w.) action and the two sects’ analysis of this rational reasoning in the process of inference of legal ruling has an important status in islamic jurisprudence. given the existing views, there are two general approaches to the prop...

it is an undeniable necessity for muslims to deeply understand the orientalists’ opinions regarding islamic knowledge and to scientifically scrutinize their viewpoints. to this end, the present writer has tried to examine martin’s opinions regarding incarnation. the research method in this project is library research, while the adopted approach is an analytic-critical one. however, this does no...

This research aims to reveal the role of Sunni-Shia Islamic educational institutions in building multiculturalism a pluralistic society. So far, relationship has been depicted conflictual scheme. The method was qualitative from sociology education perspective. Through in-depth interviews, participatory observation and documentation techniques, this study showed that atmosphere peace between Ban...