Isocyanate exposure in the workplace has been linked to asthma and allergic rhinitis. Recently, investigators have proposed that Th2 cytokine responses in lymph nodes draining the site of dermal application of chemicals including isocyanates may be used to identify sensitizers that cause asthma-like responses. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cytokine profile induced after derm...

This report describes the oxidative metabolism of isothiocyanates to isocyanates catalyzed by rat liver microsomes. Incubation of 2-naphthylisothiocyanate, microsomes, and NADPH yielded either N,N'-di-naphthylurea or, on inclusion of 2-aminofluorene in the incubations, N-2-naphthyl-N'-2-fluorenylurea. These ureas were formed by the production of the known genotoxicant, 2-naphthylisocyanate, whi...

Exposure to isocyanates can be harmful to workers by causing different disorders of the airways. The main objectives of this study were to survey the personal 8 h time-weighted average exposure to isocyanates at 13 Swedish plants that handled either polyurethane, diisocyanates or both, including four types of manufacturing processes: moulding, continuous foaming, flame lamination and low or no ...

Exposure to isocyanates is known to have respiratory effects in workers and therefore it is essential to monitor the occupational exposure. An earlier study of a continuous foaming plant using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) showed that the exposure to isocyanates can be high. Since then several preventive actions were implemented at the plant. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of thes...

Mixed-metal reagents [NaMg(CH2SiMe3)3] (1) and [(THF)NaMg(NPh2)3(THF)] [3-(THF)(2)] can act as precatalysts to selectively promote the hydroamination/trimerization of isocyanates (RNCO) depending on the steric bulk of the R substituent.

In the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles by the annulation of epoxides with heterocumulenes such as carbon dioxide and isocyanates, we developed the indium-tin catalytic system and synthesized various cyclic adducts including novel types products under mild reaction conditions.