PURPOSE To investigate the effect of preoperative part-time occlusion therapy on long-term surgical success in early-onset exotropia. METHODS The medical records of patients who underwent surgery for exotropia with onset before the first year of age and who were followed for ≥3 years were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the degree of compliance with part-time occl...

OBJECTIVE To improve diagnostic assessment in Moebius syndrome by (1) creating more selective diagnostic subgroups and (2) conducting genetic evaluation in a large patient cohort. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. PARTICIPANTS Attendees of 3 consecutive Moebius syndrome conferences held in the United States, with a prior diagnosis of Moebius syndrome, were invited to participate. M...

Purpose. To evaluate the distribution pattern and changes of strabismus surgery in children based on the data collected from a local eye hospital in the south of China between 2006 and 2011. Methods. A retrospective analysis of all strabismus surgeries in children (<18 years) performed in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between 2006 and 2011 using the integrated information syste...

PURPOSE To report the clinical and histopathological findings of a patient who had bilateral persistent pupillary membrane with exotropia and high hyperopia. METHODS CASE REPORT A 7-year-old boy presented with a persistent pupillary membrane in both eyes. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye with exotropia of 18 prism diopters. He und...

Neural imaging studies have found the connection between strabismus and brain cortex. However, the pathological mechanisms of intermittent exotropia are still not fully understood. In the present study, changes of binocular fusion related cortices in intermittent exotropia were investigated with blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activated cortices induced by fu...

In clinical diagnosis, we often imbue medical disorders with distinct personalities based on a constellation of findings with little understanding of their underlying causes. Our purpose here is to juxtapose intermittent exotropia and accommodative esotropia and to consider the possibility that they represent a continuum of horizontal deviation, rather than distinct mechanisms of disease. Over ...

PURPOSE We report the results of injection of bupivacaine (BUP) and botulinum toxin (BT) into agonist and antagonist muscles, respectively, to treat horizontal strabismus. METHODS We treated both horizontal muscles of 7 patients with comitant horizontal strabismus, 2 patients with partial lateral rectus (LR) paralysis, and one elderly myopic patient with acquired esotropia, injecting the agon...

PURPOSE To describe the long-term surgical outcomes of bilateral lateral rectus recession in patients with intermittent exotropia. METHODS Retrospective review of 18 patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia between 1995 and 2005 who underwent surgical treatment in the Ramon y Cajal Hospital. RESULTS Of the 18 patients with intermittent exotropia, 50% were basic subtype. All of them un...