age and growth of mesopotamian barb, capoeta damascina, were studied in the zayandehrud river, in central iran, from march 2007 to april 2008. among the 689 specimens studied, age groups in males ranged from 1+ to 9+ and that in females ranged from 1+ to 10+. the sex ratio (1m:1.6f) was not significantly different from 1:1 ratio. maximum fork length and weight was 39 cm and 1,115 g for males an...

Variation in ontogenetic development among individuals may be a major contributor to morphological variation within species. Evolution of different growth trajectories might, for example, evolve as a response to varying ecological contexts of individuals living in different environments, or by life-stage or gender differences. The intertidal periwinkle Littorina saxatilis is strongly polymorphi...

Though many are convinced otherwise, variability of the size-scaling of metabolism is widespread in nature, and the factors driving that remain unknown. Here we test a hypothesis that the increased expenditure associated with faster growth increases metabolic scaling. We compare metabolic scaling in the fast- and slow-growth phases of ontogeny of Helix aspersa snails artificially selected or no...

Age and growth of Mesopotamian barb, Capoeta damascina, were studied in the Zayandehrud River, in central Iran, from March 2007 to April 2008. Among the 689 specimens studied, age groups in males ranged from 1+ to 9+ and that in females ranged from 1+ to 10+. The sex ratio (1M:1.6F) was not significantly different from 1:1 ratio. Maximum fork length and weight was 39 cm and 1,115 g for males an...

Allometric growth pattern and body shape changes of the Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus)(Cichlidae) were studied using landmark-based geometric morphometric (GM) and traditional methods, from hatching up to 1266 Hours Post Hatching (HPH) under culture conditions. The left side of specimens were photographed using digital camera and morphometric characters, including total length, head lengt...

A finite word f is Hamming-isometric if for any two words u and v of the same length avoiding f, can be transformed into by changing one all letters on which differs from v, in such a way that new obtained this process also avoid f. Words are not have been characterized as having border with mismatches. We derive characterization linear-time algorithm to check whether Hamming-isometric. It base...

Preface The main goal of this book is to describe several tools of the quasi-isometric rigidity and to illustrate them by presenting (essentially self-contained) proofs of several fundamental theorems in this area: Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth, Mostow Rigidity Theorem and Schwartz's quasi-isometric rigidity theorem for nonuniform lattices in the real-hyperbolic spaces. We con...