BACKGROUND Understanding how growth state influences Mycobacterium tuberculosis responses to antibiotic exposure provides a window into drug action during patient chemotherapy. In this article, we describe the transcriptional programs mediated by isoniazid (INH) during the transition from log-phase to nonreplicating bacilli, from INH-sensitive to INH-tolerant bacilli respectively, using the Way...

The efficacy of isoniazid in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis stimulated the search for related drugs that might increase the effectiveness of antituberculosis therapy especially in those chronically ill patients in whom INH does not produce the desired effect or who are unable to tolerate it. Such a compound is cyanacethydrazide** which as its formula indicates is structurally related t...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85 is induced in vitro by isoniazid (INH); its sustained induction in sputum during tuberculosis (TB) therapy predicts relapse. In this trial, rifampin or rifalazil inhibited the induction of sputum antigen 85 by INH in a dose-dependent fashion. This approach may facilitate the evaluation of new TB drugs.

Phenotypes of slow and fast acetylators of isoniazid (INH) were determined in 157 subjects (80 normals and 77 patients with tuberculosis) from the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Plasma INH concentrations were determined chemically six hours after the drug ingestion. The findings indicate that 31.8% subjects were fast acetylators of the drug.

A sample of 124 isoniazid (INH)-resistant and 88 susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from south, central, and west Africa was analyzed by direct sequence analysis and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of their catalase-peroxidase (katG) genes. Point mutations at codon 315 were found in the genomes of 64% of INH-resistant strains, but no complete deletio...

The MTT method for rifampicin and isoniazid susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed by using bacterial suspension prepared from colonies on solid media. The MTT tube assay in 1 ml Middlebrook 7H9 broth was completed within 4 days for rifampicin (RMP) and within 7 days for isoniazid (INH). When MTT assay results with 279 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were compared ...

Status of oxidative/antioxidative profile was the mechanistic approach to inumerate the nature of protection by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in isoniazid (INH) exposed experimental animals. Analysis of lipid peroxidation, thiol levels, cytochrome P450, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase and transferase were estimated in liver along with the body and liver weight o...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected adults in developing countries. Isoniazid (INH) is recommended for treatment of latent TB infection, however non-adherence is common. The purpose of this study was to apply in-house prepared isoniazid (INH) urine test strips in a clinical setting, and identify predictors of positive test results in an adhere...

Screening of 127 isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Singapore for mutations within the dfrA and inhA genes revealed mutations in 0 and 5 (3.9%) isolates respectively, implying that mutations in dfrA do not contribute to the detection of INH-resistant M. tuberculosis and that mutations within inhA are rare. Thirty-seven (29%) of the 127 isolates had no mutations i...

Patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated for the levels of isoniazid (INH) and its metabolites viz. acetyl-INH, mono and diacetyl hydrazines and ammonia. It was observed that 50% of the patients are slow inactivators of INH and almost all show an increase in circulating levels of NH3 at 6 hrs. Mono and diacetyl hydrazine levels in blood and urine were detectable in all t...