Anxiety disorders are the most prominent mental illness in the United States, affecting 18 percent of the population. Aversive memories, such as traumatic events, are associated with unconditioned stimuli. Few studies have shown that cardiovascular dysfunctions can be associated with aversive contexts or cues. However, preliminary results demonstrate that the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenalin...

are reported. Second and third degree AV block occurred in I05 of i665 patients. Isoprenaline intravenously was used when clinically necessary and pacemaker only if isoprenaline failed to improve heart rate. Forty-four patients received no specific therapy, 47 received isoprenaline only, and I4 transvenous pacemaker therapy. Few complications of isoprenaline therapy were observed, which is ascr...

introduction: it was shown in a previous study, that mcpip, a cilostamide derivative, increased atrial contraction force without changing contraction rate. to improve this property, two new derivatives of cilostamide were synthesized and their effects on pde3 activity and isolated rat atria contraction were investigated. methods: the inhibitory effect of each compound on pde3 enzyme was determi...

AIMS To study the β-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in the relaxation responses to (-)-isoprenaline in carbachol-pre-contracted (CCh) mouse detrusor muscle with intact and denuded mucosa. METHODS Isolated muscle strips from the urinary bladder of male C57BL6 mice or β2-adrenoceptor knockout mice were pre-contracted with CCh, 1 µM and relaxed with increasing concentrations of the β-adrenoceptor...

The present study was designed to investigate indicators of abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis (microdialysis), and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow and whole-body lipolysis, in obesity-associated type II diabetes during overnight-fasted conditions (baseline) and during intravenous infusion of the non-selective beta-agonist isoprenaline. Basal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow and is...

In order to examine the hypothesis that bronchial reactivity to non-specific constrictor stimuli is influenced by the resting tone of the bronchial smooth muscle, the airway responses to inhaled histamine solution and inhaled isoprenaline were measured in 19 patients with airway obstruction. There was a significant positive correlation between the size of the constrictor response to histamine a...

1. The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on isoprenaline-stimulated renin secretion was examined in the isolated rat kidney perfused with modified Krebs-Ringer saline. 2. Intrarenal infusion OF ADH effectively prevented stimulation of renin secretion by isoprenaline whilst increasing renal perfusion pressure. 3. The exclusion of calcium ions from the perfusion medium abolished the vasocons...

Objective: We have previously demonstrated that myocardium is capable of down-regulating its 0, requirements and thus avoiding ischaemia when 0, supply is limited. The present study tested the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine produced this protective response when 0, supply was decreased by moderate coronary hypoperfusion or moderate coronary hypoxaemia. Methods: In anaesthetised dogs, hear...

1. In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium, infusions of adrenaline, noradrenaline (0.5 mug/kg per min) and isoprenaline (0.25 mug/kg per min) increased myocardial blood flow, myocardial heat production, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, left ventricular +ve and -ve dp/dt max, and calculated cardiac output, effort and oxygen consumption. These effects (apart from t...

Background and aims—The subtype and species related heterogeneity of â adrenoceptors prompted a functional reappraisal of these molecular targets of motility inhibition in the human colon. Methods—Relaxation of muscle strips was measured in vitro. Results—The following agonists had decreasing relaxing potency (eVective concentration range 10–10 mol/l): (−)isoprenaline (non-selective), terbutali...