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Abstract. Increasing demands on ecosystems, decreasing biodiversity, and climate change are among the most pressing environmental issues of our time. As changing weather conditions leading to increased vector-borne diseases heat- flood-related deaths, it is entering collective consciousness: human health issues. In public health, field addressing these known as health. This addresses both effec...

Medical statistics (biostatistics), as a vital essential part of modem life, does raise some fundamental ethical issues. Surprisingly, this aspect seems to have been totally ignored by books on medical ethics. This paper discusses how the statistical aspects affect the ethics. The relation between biostatistics and medical research is explored. All stages of a medical research exercise are ...

This paper examines the theoretical rationales and practical aspects of task-based language teaching (TBLT) with particular reference to research findings in EFL/ESL contexts. The definitional scope of the term ‘task’, polarizations in terms of task vs. non-task, and its relation to different language teaching approaches have engendered conceptual and methodological ambiguities.  Moreover, fact...

medical statistics (biostatistics), as a vital essential part of modem life, does raise some fundamental ethical issues. surprisingly, this aspect seems to have been totally ignored by books on medical ethics. this paper discusses how the statistical aspects affect the ethics. the relation between biostatistics and medical research is explored. all stages of a medical research exercise are vuln...

abstract mutations have been described in all of the four open reading frames of the hepatitis b virus (hbv), however, from a clinical perspective the surface escape mutant is the most troublesome. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) variants may impair diagnosis, or allow the virus to escape vaccine-induced immunity or passive immunoglobulin therapy. hbv mutants with amino acid substitutions, ...

the extraordinary revolution in biotechnology has created new possibilities for curing disease and manipulating our genetic heritage. it is easy to see how biotechnology can be used for medicinal purposes. knowledge of the genetic makeup of our species, the genetic basis of heritable diseases, and the invention of technology to manipulate and fix mutant genes provides methods to treat the disea...