This study investigated the impact of interaction and output modality on vocabulary learning and retention of EFL learners. To investigate the impact of Interaction, solitary (n =69) and collaborative (n =62) groups served as experimental and No Interaction No Output (n =26) as control group. To address the effect of modality, spoken (n =39) and written (n =31) modalities served as experimental...

This study investigated the impact of interaction and output modality on vocabulary learning and retention of EFL learners. To investigate the impact of Interaction, solitary (n =69) and collaborative (n =62) groups served as experimental and No Interaction No Output (n =26) as control group. To address the effect of modality, spoken (n =39) and written (n =31) modalities served as experimental...

The involuntary capture of attention by salient visual stimuli can be influenced by the behavioral goals of an observer. For example, when searching for a target item, irrelevant items that possess the target-defining characteristic capture attention more strongly than items not possessing that feature. Such contingent capture involves a shift of spatial attention toward the item with the targe...

Multi-modality microscopes incorporate multiple microscopy techniques into one module, imaging through a common objective lens. Simultaneous or consecutive image acquisition of a single specimen, using multiple techniques, increases the amount of measurable information available. In order to benefit from each modality, it is necessary to accurately co-register data sets. Intrinsic differences i...

Five experiments examined the relearning of words, simple line-drawing pictures, and complex photographic pictures after retention intervals of 1 to 10 weeks. For those items that were neither recalled nor recognized, the identical item was relearned better than an unrelated control item, as measured by a recall test following relearning. This relearning advantage in recall held for all three c...

According to perceptual symbol systems (Barsalou, 1999), sensory-motor simulations underlie the representation of concepts. It follows that sensory-motor phenomena should arise in conceptual processing. Previous studies have shown that switching from one modality to another during perceptual processing incurs a processing cost. If perceptual simulation underlies conceptual processing, then veri...

Unlike traditional over-the-phone spoken dialog systems (SDSs), modern dialog systems tend to have visual rendering on the device screen as an additional modality to communicate the system’s response to the user. Visual display of the system’s response not only changes human behavior when interacting with devices, but also creates new research areas in SDSs. Onscreen item identification and res...

one ef the most important innovations in the history ef traditional logic is the avicena's theory ef temporal modalities (.atm). althottgh) the basic concepts and elements ef this theory are fottnded in aristotelian and stoic-lvlegarian !0 gic) but as a independent lo,gical system, are devised on/y fry avicenna and were later developed and completed fry his followers. the atm theory contai...

Robust recommendation aims at capturing true preference of users from noisy data, for which there are two lines methods have been proposed. One is based on noise injection, and the other to adopt generative model Variational Auto-encoder (VAE). However, existing works still face challenges. First, injection often draw a fixed distribution given in advance, while real world, distributions differ...