the purpose of this study is measuring total factor productivity (tfp) growth of sugar beet for different provinces of iran and then decomposing it to the changes in technical change, managerial efficiency change and scale efficiency change. for this purpose we used the data envelopment analysis (dea) method and malmquist productivity index. results showed that average growth of total factor pr...

Supermodularity has long been regarded as a natural notion of complementarities in individual decision making; it was introduced as such in the nineteenth century by Edgeworth and Pareto. But supermodularity is not an ordinal property. We study the ordinal content of assuming a supermodular utility, i.e. what it means for the individual’s underlying preferences. We show that supermodularity is ...

Does Gender Matter for Firm Performance? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia Using 2005 firm level data for 26 ECA countries, this paper estimates performance gaps between maleand female-owned businesses, while controlling for their location by industry and country. We find that female entrepreneurs have significantly smaller scale of operations (as measured by sales revenues) and are...

Why Is the Public Sector More Labor-Intensive? A Distortionary Tax Argument Government-run entities are often more labor-intensive than private companies, even with identical production technologies. This need not imply slack in the public sector, but may be a rational response to its wage tax advantage over private firms. A tax-favored treatment of public production precludes production effici...

Why Is the Public Sector More Labor-Intensive? A Distortionary Tax Argument Government-run entities are often more labor-intensive than private companies, even with identical production technologies. This need not imply slack in the public sector, but may be a rational response to its wage tax advantage over private firms. A tax-favored treatment of public production precludes production effici...

One of the explanations for global imbalances is the self-financing behavior of credit-constrained firms in rapidly growing emerging markets. We use an extensive firm-level data set from several Asian countries during 2002–2011, and test the micro foundation of this theory by estimating the effect of an exogenous change in credit constraints, resulting from financial reforms, on firms’ saving b...

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...

Factor market failures can limit adoption of profitable technologies. We leverage a plot-level spatial regression discontinuity design in the context irrigation use by farmers provided free access to water. Using boosts profits 43–62 percent. Yet, only irrigate 30 percent plots because labor costs. demonstrate inefficient use, showing irrigating one plot reduce their on other plots. This ineffi...

This paper compares parametric and non-parametric estimates of productivity change in European banking between 1994 and 2000. Productivity growth has also been further decomposed into technological change, or change in best practice, and efficiency change. Both the parametric and non-parametric approaches consistently identify those systems that have benefited most (and least) from productivity...

This paper explores the relationship between patterns of productivity growth and the development stage of an industry, using firm-level data on the cotton-spinning industry in Japan in the late-nineteenth century. It is found that patterns of productivity growth depend on the development stage of the industry. In the earlier stage of industrial development, the productivity growth of each firm,...