We examined the presence of two virulence factors in 241 blood isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from patients hospitalized during 1989 and 1990 in 7 French hospitals, and 125 blood isolates of Escherichia coli from one hospital. Aerobactin was scored phenotypically and genotypically with an intragenic DNA probe of 2 kb. The mucoid phenotype was assessed by culture on trypticase soy agar and by...

For many years electronic communications has been one of the most important areas of policy intervention for the European Union. Liberalisation and privatisation of the telecommunications industry have been very important topics of the policy debate in the two decades starting from 1990 to 2010. In these years the EU developed a sophisticated regulatory framework inspired to the principle of fa...

This paper looks at one particular aspect of the application of concurrency—the analysis of profitability. It warns of the danger that the standards of assessment employed in utility price setting will be carried over from ex ante regulation to settings where it is inappropriate, such as the ex post analysis of competitive markets. Utility regulation profitability standards are inevitably stati...

Western Blot Membranes were immunoblotted with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-Lmp7 (1:2000; AbD Serotec); rabbit polyclonal anti-β2M (1:1000; Proteintech); mouse anti β-actin (1:30000; Chemicon); mouse anti importin-β; (1:5000; Millipore); mouse anti-acetylated tubulin (1:1000; Millipore); mouse anti β-tubulin (1:1000; Millipore); rabbit anti-ERK (K23, 1:1000; Santa Cr...

Sufficient history now exists to assess the National Institutes of Health Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00), first offered in 2007 to support the career development of biomedical researchers. The success of K99 (Mentored Phase of the K99/R00) principal investigators in obtaining subsequent grant support was compared with that of principal investigators supported by the long-standing K08 (...

In 1996 Congress passed the landmark Telecommunications Act (hereafter “the Act”). The Act, under Section 271, allowed the Regional Bell Operating Companies to offer long distance service to their local customers in exchange for opening their own local networks to local competitors in that state. Using a state-level panel data set we evaluate the effect of FCC Section 271 decisions on entry int...

Simple epithelial keratins (SEKs) are found primarily in single-layered simple epithelia and include keratin 7 (K7), K8, K18-K20, and K23. Genetically engineered mice that lack SEKs or overexpress mutant SEKs have helped illuminate several keratin functions and served as important disease models. Insight into the contribution of SEKs to human disease has indicated that K8 and K18 are the major ...

From the angle of competition policy, Voice over IP looks like a panacea. It not only brings better service, but it also increases competitive pressure on former telecommunications monopolists. This paper points to the largely overlooked downside. In a pure world of Internet telephony, there would be no charge for individual calls, nor for telephony, as distinct from other services running over...

Jeffrey K. Erbe: Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, & Clinical Psychology Subprogram, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, U.S.A. Diana Diamond: Department of Psychology, The City College, City University of New York, New York, NY, U.S.A. Eric A. Fertuck: Department of Psychology, The City College, C...

The main questions which the literature on rule production by agencies and bureaucracies deals with are: To what extent should legislators delegate rule making to bureaucracy? How can procedural rules curb an agency’s discretion in making substantive rules? Do legislators select bureaucratic decisions for oversight randomly or on the basis of complaints? Who exactly controls bureaucracy: some a...