This paper studies sufficient conditions for deriving the kappa distribution in polytropic plasmas by an improved method compared with previous work [R. Guo, Phys. Plasmas \textbf{27}, 122104 (2020)]. We find that equation of state can lead to without any other assumptions one dimension. In higher dimensions, extra assumption global must only depend on energy is still needed. addition, self-con...

To explore mechanisms that prevent autoreactivity in nonautoimmune mice, endogenous immunoglobulin (Ig) light (L) chains that associate with a transgenic anti-DNA heavy chain were analyzed. The antibodies from splenic B cell hybridomas of such mice did not bind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and their L chain sequences showed a biased use of V kappa and J kappa gene segments. The 44 L chains in th...

Information on the spatial distribution of plant disease can be utilized to implement efficient and spatially targeted disease management interventions. We present a pathogen-generic method to estimate the spatial distribution of a plant pathogen using a stochastic optimization process which is epidemiologically motivated. Based on an initial sample, the method simulates the individual spread p...

This work is devoted to the formulation and derivation of the κ − μ/gamma distribution which corresponds to A physical fading model. This distribution is composite and is based on the well known κ − μ generalized multipath model and the gamma shadowing model. A special case of the derived model constitutes the κ − μ Extreme/gamma model which accounts for severe multipath and shadowing effects. ...