Abstract I n this paper we investigated total energy consumption and its individual forms (oil, natural gas, electricity, renewable energies and coal) relationship with real gross domestic product (GDP) in Iran. We employed Hsiao’s (1981) methodology and annual data which cover 1967-2010 for investigation. The empirical findings indicate there is bidirectional causality ef...

This essay introduces a new featured section, to be published in Small Axe annually, that explores the critical vocabulary of field Caribbean studies.

This study was motivated by the dearth of current studies on linkages among HIV,GDP and disaggregated outlay well-being in Eastern Southern African regions. Hence, main focus this is to investigate nature direction Hsiao causality HIV, GDP Aggregate time series data from 1994 2020 these variables were used test unit root, cointegration bivariate regression model specified for each region. The r...