It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...

A series of six fullerene-linker-fullerene triads have been prepared by the stepwise addition of the fullerene cages to bridging moieties thus allowing the systematic variation of fullerene cage (C60 or C70) and linker (oxalate, acetate or terephthalate) and enabling precise control over the inter-fullerene separation. The fullerene triads exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents, hav...

Fullerene graphs are 3-connected 3-regular planar graphs with only pentagonal and hexagonal faces. We show that the diameter of a fullerene graph G of order n is at least √ 24n−15−3 6 and at most n/5 + 1. Moreover, if G is not a (5, 0)-nanotube its diameter is at most n/6+5/2. As a consequence, we improve the upper bound on the saturation number of fullerene graphs. We also report an improved l...

Aerosol synthesis methods for the production of nanostructured fullerene particles have been developed. The nanostructured, ultrafine fullerene particles were produced by vapor condensation and aerosol droplet drying and crystallization methods in tubular laminar flow reactors. The formation mechanisms were studied by measuring particle-size distributions is the gas phase. High-resolution scann...

Solubilization and encapsulation of fullerenes C60 and C70 by ultralarge hollow micelles formed by rod-coil diblock copolymers and characterization of the resulting self-organized fullerene-block copolymer assemblies are reported. The solubilization capacity of each fullerene in poly(phenylquinoline)-blockpolystyrene (PPQ-PS) micelles in binary solvents, trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane, an...

We have investigated the vibrational relaxation of a bare C60 fullerene and C60 fullerenes with covalently attached poly ethylene oxide PEO chains in aqueous solution using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The rate of transfer of vibrational energy from the excited fullerene to the surrounding water was found to be slow for the bare fullerene, with a vibrational relaxation time of appr...

Carbon nanoparticles can penetrate the cell membrane and cause cytotoxicity. The diffusion feature and translocation free energy of fullerene through lipid membranes is well reported. However, the knowledge on self-assembly of fullerenes and resulting effects on lipid membrane is poorly addressed. In this work, the self-assembly of fullerene nanoparticles and the resulting influence on the diol...

Alkyne-functionalized fullerenes (fullerynes) were designed and conveniently synthesized via Bingel reaction in one step with high yields. They were used to react with azido-functionalized polystyrene (PS) via Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition 'click' chemistry to form two fullerene polymers: one with C60 tethered to the end of a PS chain (C60-1PS) and the other with C60 tethered at the junction po...

Anticommutator Green's functions and energy spectra of fullerene C 80 , endohedral fullerenes Lu 3 N@C Y with the Ih symmetry groups have been obtained in an analytical form within Hubbard model static fluctuation approximation. The states classified using methods group theory, allowed transitions molecules determined. On basis these spectra, interpretation experimentally observed optical absor...