We study reversible polymerization of rings. In this stochastic process, two monomers bond and, as a consequence, two disjoint rings may merge into a compound ring or a single ring may split into two fragment rings. This aggregation-fragmentation process exhibits a percolation transition with a finite-ring phase in which all rings have microscopic length and a giant-ring phase where macroscopic...

reaction mechanism among indoline-2,3-dione, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and (z)-2-(1-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)hydroxycarboxamide to form 1’-((((aminooxy)carbonyl)amino)methyl)-2’-(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2’-methyl-1’,2’,5’,6’,7’,7a’-hexahydrospiro[indoline-3,3’-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2-one was investigated using density functional theory (dft) at b3lyp basis theory. the three-...

Effects of pH, temperature, and syrup concentration on color formation in glucose syrups were studied and the shelf life of syrups under various conditions was estimated. Temperatures of 5, 25, and 45 ºC, pH values of 4, 5, and 6 as well as concentrations of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 ºBrix were examined. After 26 weeks no significant color changes were observed at 5 ºC. At 45 ºC, color formati...

the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between benzaldehyde 1, malononitrile 2 and dimedone 3 in a mixture of ethanol and water as solvents in the presence of fructose as a biodegradable catalyst has been studied by the spectroscopic method (uv-vis spectrophotometry method). the influence of various parameters (temperature, solvent and concentration) was studied on the reaction by means of ...

Gas hydrate formation in production and transmission pipelines and consequent plugging of these lines have been a major flow-assurance concern of the oil and gas industry for the last 75 years. Gas hydrate formation rate is one of the most important topics related to the kinetics of the process of gas hydrate crystallization. The main purpose of this study is investigating phenomenon of gas hyd...