Using a simple and accessible Teflon AF-2400 based tube-in-tube reactor, a series of pyrroles were synthesised in flow using the Paal-Knorr reaction of 1,4-diketones with gaseous ammonia. An inline flow titration technique allowed measurement of the ammonia concentration and its relationship to residence time and temperature.

The title compounds, (4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-R-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrroles, were prepared in four steps starting from commercially available 4-trifluoromethoxyaniline. The pyrrole (second ring) was added in one step using the Paal-Knorr method. The thiazole (third ring) was added in three steps using chloroacylation with chloroacetonitrile followed by heterocyclization with t...

A. V. Kityk, M. C. Rheinstädter, K. Knorr, and H. Rieger 1 Technische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany 2 Institute for Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Eng., Czestochowa Technical University, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany ~Received 22 October 2001; revised manuscript received 2 January ...

1. Sodium (N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine beta-d-glucosid)uronate was isolated from the urine of rabbits receiving N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine. 2. Its chemical structure was confirmed by the correspondence of the infrared spectrum of its tri-O-acetyl methyl ester derivative with the tri-O-acetyl methyl ester derivative of an authentic specimen prepared by the Koenigs-Knorr synthesis.

1. After administration of 600mg of 3H-labelled aldosterone to human volunteers, 57 mg of homogeneous acid-labile conjugate was isolated from the urine and identified as aldosterone 18 beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. 2. Esterification and acetylation of the conjugate gave a tetra-acetate methyl ester, which, by measurement of the optical rotation and nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectrum, was shown t...

Recently, the Federal Circuit in Knorr-Bremse v. Dana overruled almost twenty years of precedent by striking down the adverse inference doctrine, which had created a negative presumption against any alleged patent infringer for failing to obtain and disclose a patent opinion letter at trial. The decision, while strongly supported by numerous intellectual property and business associations, has ...

TiCl2/nano-γ-Al2O3 as a new heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst was synthesized and characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR, EDS, XRF, BET and TGA. N-substituted pyrroles have been synthesized via Paal–Knorr reaction in the presence of TiCl2/nano-γ-Al2O3 at room temperature under solvent-free conditions.