This paper defines principles for organizing semantic relations represented by slots in frame-structured knowledge bases. We consider not only the ways in which slots are used for reasoning about a given domain but also the features of the representation language of the knowledge-based system in which the slots reside. We find that the organization of slots may be based on the knowledge-level s...

Abs t rac t . Topoi are gradual inference rules, often used by experts in several problem classes: they can be exploited at various phases of a knowledge-based system life cycle. They can be studied at the two levels distinguished by Newelh the knowledge level and the symbol level. Some knowledge elicitation techniques such as rating grids and some knowledge acquisition methods such as KADS and...

Knowledge management has emerged as a major industrial focus and has obvious pragmatic interpretations in terms of enterprise and workflow modeling. However, a principled approach to the management of the knowledge processes of organizations combining people and technologies requires an operational definition of knowledge. This article develops a knowledge level analysis of the emergence of the...

Use of bottled water for drinking and cooking purposes is common in many communities, particulary in places where there is no water of good quality. This type of water supply is an appropriate alternative in prevention of much investment in full- scaled water treatment and duall water distribution system. In Iran, where water is considered as a serious challenge, use of bottled water can be con...

This paper presents a formalism to represent the inextricable link that exists between design and learning. It provides an approach to study and analyse the complex relationships that may exist between design and learning. It suggests that design and learning are linked at the knowledge level (epistemic link), in a temporal manner and in a purposeful manner through the design and learning goals.

Despite the current enthusiasm for knowledge level-B modeling in general and KADS in particular, we nd there exists little empirical proof of the utility of this approach. In this paper, we will review the available evidence to suggest that alternative, less abstract, approaches may be better than KADS.

Despite the current enthusiasm for knowledge level-B modeling in general and KADS in particular, we nd their exists little empirical proof of the utility of this approach. In this paper, we will review the available evidence to conclude that alternative, less abstract, approaches are arguably better than KADS.